Prevalence, Severity, and Determinant Factors of Anemia among Pregnant Women in South Sudanese Refugees, Pugnido, Western Ethiopia
Table 3
Nutrition and clinical characteristics of refugee pregnant women attending ANC clinic at Pugnido ARRA Health Center, Gambela, Western Ethiopia, April 15–June 30/2015.
Variables
Anemia
COR (95% CI)
value
Yes: (%)
No: (%)
Freq. of meat eating per week
At most once
88 (45.8%)
104 (55.2%)
2.54 (1.62–3.98)
<0.00
More than once
42 (25.0%)
126 (75.0%)
1
Freq. of vegetable eating per week
At most once
46 (32.6%)
95 (67.4%)
0.78 (0.50–1.21)
0.269
More than once
84 (38.4%)
135 (61.6%)
1
Freq. of fruit eating per week
At most once
92 (39.3%)
142 (60.7%)
1.50 (0.94–2.38)
More than once
38 (30.2%)
88 (69.8%)
1
Staple food
Fish
19 (43.2%)
25 (56.8%)
1
Porridge
84 (33.7%)
165 (66.3%)
1.49 (0.78–2.86)
0.228
Injera
23 (38.3%)
37 (61.7%)
1.22 (0.55–2.70)
0.619
Other
4 (57.1%)
3 (42.9%)
0.57 (0.11–2.85)
0.494
Freq. of drinking tea immediately after meal per day
At least once
72 (59.0%)
50 (41.0%)
4.47 (2.80–7.12)
<0.00
Less than once
58 (24.4%)
180 (75.6%)
1
Freq. of drinking coffee immediately after meal per day
At least once
50 (52.6%)
45 (47.4%)
2.57 (1.59–4.15)
<0.00
Less than once
80 (30.2%)
185 (69.8%)
1
MUAC
<21 cm
50 (73.5%)
18 (26.5%)
7.36 (4.05–13.37)
<0.00
≥21 cm
80 (27.4%)
212 (72.6%)
1
Number of ANC visits for current pregnancy
1
97 (35.1%)
179 (64.9%)
1.20 (0.72–1.97)
0.489
≥2
33 (39.3%)
51 (60.7%)
1
Taken iron/folate supplement
Yes
28 (40.6%)
41 (59.4%)
1
No
102 (35.1%)
189 (64.9%)
1.26 (0.74–2.16)
0.391
Place of previous delivery
Health institution
41 (33.3%)
82 (66.7%)
1
Home
59 (40.4%)
87 (59.6%)
0.74 (0.45–1.21)
0.289
ANC follow-up in previous pregnancy
Yes
34 (28.6%)
85 (71.4%)
1
No
66 (44.0%)
84 (56.0%)
0.62 (0.37–0.95)
History of malaria infection
Yes
91 (42.3%)
124 (57.7%)
1.99 (1.26–3.15)
No
39 (26.9%)
106 (73.1%)
1
Positive for current malaria infection
Yes
30 (52.6%)
27 (47.4%)
2.25 (1.27–4.00)
No
100 (33.0%)
203 (67.0%)
1
Positive for intestinal parasite infestation
Yes
48 (50.5%)
47 (49.5%)
2.28 (1.41–3.68)
No
82 (30.9%)
183 (69.1%)
1
COR: crude odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, , candidates for multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1: reference group, Freq.: frequency, using bread and packed food as their staple food, iron/folate supplement during the index pregnancy, MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference, and ANC: antenatal care.
