Evaluation of Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation in Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Diet: Growth Performance, Body Color, Antioxidant Activity, Serum Biochemical Parameters, and Immune Response

Table 5

Antioxidant activities and immunological and biochemical parameters in serum of koi fed the experimental diets for 10 weeks.

Item	Control	CGA-2	CGA-4	CGA-6	CGA-8	ANOVA	Regression^1
						value	Model	value		Op. level
Antioxidant activities
SOD (U/mL)	^a	^a	^b	^b	^b	0.00	Ln	0.00	0.38	—
CAT (U/mL)	^ab	^a	^c	^bc	^bc	0.02	Ln	0.05	0.13	—
GSH-Px (U/mL)	^b	^a	^d	^bc	^c	0.00	Cu	0.02	0.32	231.74-782.66
GSH (umol/L)	^a	^b	^b	^c	^ab	0.00	Qd	0.00	0.38	550.78
MDA (nmol/L)	^b	^a	^a	^a	^a	0.00	NR	—	—	—
Immunological parameters
C3 (g/L)	^a	^a	^b	^b	^b	0.00	NR	—	—	—
C4 (g/L)	^ab	^a	^c	^b	^b	0.00	NR	—	—	—
LZM (U/mL)	^b	^a	^b	^b	^b	0.01	Cu	0.00	0.52	383.89-975.73
Biochemical parameters
AST (U/L)						0.00	NR	—	—	—
ALT (U/L)	^b	^a	^a	^a	^a	0.00	Qd	0.00	0.50	522.78
ALP (U/L)						0.01	NR	—	—	—

Note: means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (). ¹Regression: Ln: Linear; Qd: Quadratic; Cu: Cubic; NR: No relationship; Op. level: Optimal level of CGA.