Synergistic Effect of Dietary Inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and Berberine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function of Juvenile Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Table 1

Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets.

Ingredient (g/kg)	D1 (Con)	D2 (LP)	D3 (LPBB)
Fishmeal	340	340	340
Fermented soybean meal	150	150	150
Soy protein concentrate	110	110	110
Fish oil	50	50	50
Corn oil	50	50	50
Soy lecithin	20	20	20
Alpha-starch	160	160	160
Ca (H2PO4)2-H2O	25	25	25
Vitamin mix^1	3	3	3
Mineral mix^2	5	5	5
Betaine	20	20	20
Phytase	0.5	0.5	0.5
Y2O3	1	1	1
Carrageenan	5	5	5
Methionine	6	6	6
Lysine	3	3	3
HKLP^3	0	0.4	0.4
Berberine	0	0	0.05
Alpha-cellulose	21.5	21.1	21.05
Zeolite powder	30	30	30
Sum	1000	1000	1000
Proximate composition (% dry matter)
Crude protein	40.42	40.43	40.41
Crude lipid	15.05	15.06	15.05
Carbohydrate^4	21.26	21.25	21.26
Moisture	11.64	10.81	11.00
Ash	11.64	12.45	12.28
Gross energy (kJ/g)^5	19.15	19.15	19.15
ratio	21.10	21.10	21.10

¹Vitamin mix (mg/kg): α-tocopherol, 80; retinyl acetate, 40; cholecalciferol, 0.1; menadione, 15; niacin, 165; riboflavin, 22; pyridoxine, 40; thiamin mononitrate, 45; D-Ca pantothenate, 102; folic acid, 10; vitamin B-12, 0.9; inositol, 450; ascorbic acid, 150; Na menadione bisulphate, 15; thiamin, 5; choline chloride, 320 and p-aminobenzoic acid, 50; thiamin, 5; choline chloride, 320 and p-aminobenzoic acid, 50. ²Mineral mix (mg/kg): Na₂SiO₃, 0.4; CaCO₃, 544.9; NaH₂PO₄·H₂O, 200; KH₂PO₄, 200; MgSO₄·7H₂O, 10; MnSO₄·H₂O, 4; CuCl₂·2H₂O, 2; ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 12; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 12; NaCl, 12; KI, 0.1; CoCl₂·6H₂O, 0.1; Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 0.5; AlCl₃·6H₂O, 1; and KF, 1. ³HKLP: Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum (immuno-LP20) House Wellness Foods Corp., Itami, Japan. ⁴. ⁵Calculated based on 17.2 kJ/g carbohydrate, 23.6 kJ/g protein, and 39.5 kJ/g lipid.