Dietary Clostridium butyricum Improves Growth Performance and Resistance to Ammonia Stress in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Table 1

The ingredients and proximate composition of experimental diets (g/kg dry matter).

Diets	Dietary CB concentrations (mg/kg)
	CB0	CB1	CB2	CB3	CB4
Ingredients
Peru fish meal	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0
Soybean meal	300.0	300.0	300.0	300.0	300.0
Rapeseed meal	90.0	90.0	90.0	90.0	90.0
Corn gluten meal	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Wheat flour	223.0	223.0	223.0	223.0	223.0
Fish oil	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
Soybean oil	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
Vitamin premix	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mineral premix^†	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
Ca(H2PO4)2	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Vitamin C ester	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Choline chloride	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Microcrystalline cellulose	2.0	1.75	1.5	1.0	0
CB	0.0	0.25	0.5	1.0	2.0
Proximate nutrition composition
Crude protein	426	423	420	425	422
Crude lipid	90.1	87.7	90.1	85.6	84.5
Ash	82.5	81.9	81.9	83.0	84.2
Moisture	77.9	86.9	85.7	80.7	81.8

One kilogram of vitamin premix contained the following: VA 3,200,000 IU, VB₁ 4 g, VB₂ 8 g, VB₆ 4.8 g, VB₁₂ 0.016 g, VD 1,600,000 IU, VE 16 g, VK 4 g, nicotinic acid 28 g, calcium pantothenate 16 g, folic acid 1.28 g, inositol 40 g, biotin 0.064 g. . ^†One kilogram of mineral premix contained the following: MgSO₄·H₂O 12 g, Ca(IO₃)₂ 9 g, KCl 36 g, Met-Cu 1.5 g, ZnSO₄·H₂O 10 g, FeSO₄·H₂O 1 g, Met-Co 0.25 g, NaSeO₃ 0.003 6 g. .