Safflower Promotes the Immune Functions of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by Producing the Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Regulating the Intestinal Microflora

Table 1

Ingredients and proximate composition (% dry matter) of four experimental diets.

Ingredients	Diet
	CON	S-0.25%	S-0.50%	S-1.00%
Fish meal	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
Soybean meal	34.00	34.00	34.00	34.00
Rapeseed meal	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
Rice bran	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Soybean oil	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Fish oil	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Flour	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Wheat bran	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Ca(H2PO4)	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Vitamin premix^a	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Mineral premix^b	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Choline chloride	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Microcrystalline cellulose	1.00	0.75	0.50	0.00
Safflower	0	0.25	0.50	1.00
Total	100	100	100	100
Proximate composition
Crude protein (%)	40.88	40.53	40.93	40.74
Crude lipid (%)	8.90	8.99	8.62	8.78
Crude ash (%)	10.49	11.01	10.86	10.82

^aVitamin premix (mg or IU/kg diet): vitamin A, 6000 IU; vitamin D3, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 50 mg; ascorbic acid, 200 mg; pantothenic acid, 35 mg; nicotinic acid, 30 mg; thiamine, 15 mg; riboflavin, 15 mg; pyridoxine HCl, 6 mg; cyanocobalamin, 0.03 mg; menadione, 5 mg; inositol, 200 mg; folic acid, 3 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg. ^bMineral premix (mg or g/kg diet): magnesium, 100 mg; iron, 150 mg; zinc, 80 mg; manganese, 20 mg; copper, 4 mg; iodine, 0.4 mg; cobalt, 0.1 mg; selenium, 0.1 mg.