Supplementing Sulfate-Based Alginate Polysaccharide Improves Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed Fishmeal Replacement with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate: Effects on Growth, Intestinal Health, and Disease Resistance

Table 1

Ingredient compositions and nutrient contents of test diets (g/kg).

Ingredients	Diets
	FM	SAP0	SAP1	SAP2	SAP3	SAP4
Fish meal	250	175	175	175	175	175
Cottonseed protein concentrate	0.0	84.6	84.6	84.6	84.6	84.6
Shrimp shell powder	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Soybean meal	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Corn protein flour	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Peanut meal	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Wheat flour	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0
Fish oil	15.0	20.1	20.1	20.1	20.1	20.1
Soy lecithin	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
Vitamin and mineral premix^a	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Choline chloride	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
Vitamin C	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
Attractant	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Antioxidant	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Microcrystalline cellulose	62.5	45.4	35.4	25.4	15.4	5.4
Methionine^b	0.00	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lysine^b	0.00	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
SAP^c	0.00	0.00	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0
Nutrient contents (air dry matter)
Moisture^d	116.5	112.5	118.8	115.1	102.3	118.0
Crude protein^d	391.1	393.5	397.9	394.3	402.5	393.7
Crude lipid^d	73.3	81.6	79.4	70.7	75.4	79.4
Ash^d	107.9	101.4	100.0	105.3	112.2	106.4

^aVitamin and mineral premix (kg⁻¹ of diet) includes the following contents: thiamine, 5 mg; riboflavin, 10 mg; vitamin A, 5000 IU; vitamin E, 40 mg; vitamin D3, 1000 IU; menadione, 10 mg; pyridoxine, 10 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg; cyanocobalamin, 0.02 mg; calcium pantothenate, 20 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; niacin, 40 mg; vitamin C, 150 mg; iron, 100 mg; iodine, 0.8 mg; cupper, 3 mg; zinc, 50 mg; manganese, 12 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg; and cobalt, 0.2 mg. ^bAdding methionine and lysine was to avoid amino acid imbalance after fishmeal replacement. ^cSAP refers to the sulfate-based alginate polysaccharide supplementation, which was provided by Haixingyuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). ^dMoisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were measured values.