Recent Advances of Phytobiotic Utilization in Carp Farming: A Review

Table 2

Phytobiotics that improved carp feed utilization efficiency.

Phytobiotics	Dose	Duration	References
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) ethanolic extract	400 mg/kg diet	2 months	Amirkhani and Firouzbakhsh [15]
Spirulina platensis, fish meal replacement, supplemented lysine	50-100%	60 days	Cao et al. [22]
Bamboo charcoal	0.5-4%/kg diet	63 days	Mabe et al. [41]
Oregano essential oil	500 mg–4500 mg/kg diet	8 weeks	Zhang et al. [40]
Curcumin	120-600 mg/kg diet	60 days	Li et al. [21]
Mixture of three medicinal plant extracts: common mallow (Malva sylvestris), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium)	2-3%/kg diet	60 days	Ghafarifarsani et al. [30]
Afsanteen (Artemisia absinthium) aqueous extract	0.5–1%/kg diet	60 days	Yousefi et al. [33]
Apple peel-derived pectin	0.5–2%/kg diet	8 weeks	Hoseinifar et al. [35]
Grape pomace flour (GPF)	300 mg/kg diet	8 weeks	Harikrishnan et al. [34]
Herb extract mixture: coriander (Coriandrum sativum), common mallow (Malva sylvestris), and oak acorn (Quercus brantii)	1%/kg diet	60 days	Raissy et al. [37]
Savory (Satureja hortensis) essential oil	200 mg/kg diet	60 days	Ghafarifarsani et al. [38]