Evaluation of Phytosterols as an Alternative to Cholesterol in Practical Diets on Growth and Nonspecific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

Table 1

Composition and nutrient levels of diets (dry basis g/kg).

Ingredients	Diets
	LC	HC	LP	HP	CP
Soy protein concentrate	264	264	264	264	264
Fishmeal	200	200	200	200	200
Wheat flour	236	236	236	236	236
Meat and bone meal	50	50	50	50	50
Brewer’s yeast	20	20	20	20	20
Fish oil	32	32	32	32	32
Soybean oil	10	10	10	10	10
Soybean lecithin	20	20	20	20	20
Ca(H2PO4)2	30	30	30	30	30
Cellulose	39	38	39	38	38
Vitamin C	1	1	1	1	1
Cholesterol	1	2			1
Phytosterol^1			1	2	1
Sodium alginate	20	20	20	20	20
Choline chloride	10	10	10	10	10
Ethoxy quinoline	1	1	1	1	1
Vitamin premix^2	26	26	26	26	26
Mineral premix^3	40	40	40	40	40
Total	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Nutrient levels^4
Moisture	60.8	61.5	63.1	62.4	61.8
Crude protein	345.7	339.6	338.8	343.6	340.7
Crude lipid	82.3	80.7	81.9	80.0	80.7
Ash	51.6	50.8	51.0	51.8	50.6
Cholesterol	1.56	2.54	0.51	0.49	1.51

¹The phytosterol was provided by Guangdong Wei Lai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China) and constituted 28.1% of campesterol, 17.2% of stigmasterol, 43.9% of β-sitosterol, and others. ²Each 1 kg of vitamin premix contains vitamin A 4,200,000 IU, vitamin D3 2,200,000 IU, vitamin E 35 g, vitamin K3 10 g, vitamin B1 4.5 g, vitamin B2 16 g, vitamin B6 9 g, vitamin B12 0.02 g, calcium pantothenate 28 g, folic acid 2.5 g, biotin 0.08 g, nicotinic acid 38 g, and inositol 145 g. ³Each 1 kg of mineral premix contains MgSO₄·H₂O 13 g, KCl 85 g, Met-Cu 3 g, FeSO₄·H₂O 1 g, ZnSO₄·H₂O 12 g, Ca(IO₃)₂ 0.06 g, Met-Co 0.16 g, and NaSeO₃ 0.003 6 g. ⁴Nutrient levels were measured values.