The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Figure 1

The mucus immune parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, after 60 days of supplementation with experimental diets: (control): nonsupplemented fish; : fish fed diet containing probiotic; : fish fed diet containing probiotic; : fish fed diet containing 0.5% hawthorn extract; : fish fed diet containing 1% hawthorn extract. Total Ig: total immunoglobulin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase activity. Data represented as . Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences ().

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