The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Table 6

The liver metabolic enzymes in blood in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, after 60 days of supplementation with experimental diets.

Status	Parameters	(control)
Before challenge	ALT (U/l)	^a	^ab	^ab	^ab	^b
	AST (U/l)	^a	^ab	^ab	^ab	^b
	ALP (U/l)
	LDH (U/l)	^a	^ab	^b	^c	^c
After challenge	ALT (U/l)	^a	^ab	^ab	^ab	^b
	AST (U/l)	^a	^ab	^bc	^cd	^d
	ALP (U/l)	^a	^ab	^bc	^bc	^c
	LDH (U/l)	^a	^b	^b	^c	^c

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. (control): nonsupplemented fish; : fish fed diet containing probiotic; : fish fed diet containing probiotic; : fish fed diet containing 0.5% hawthorn extract; : fish fed diet containing 1% hawthorn extract. Data represented as . Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences ().