We have fabricated bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using coumarin 6 (C6) as a small organic dye, for light harvesting and electron donation, with fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub> butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), acting as an electron acceptor, by spin-coating technique. We have investigated thermal annealing and blend concentration effects on light harvesting, photocurrent, and performance parameters of the solar cells. In this work, we introduced an experimental method by which someone can easily detect the variation in the contact between active layer and cathode due to thermal annealing after cathode deposition. We have showed, in this work, unusual behavior of solar cell composed of small organic molecules under the influence of thermal annealing at different conditions. This behavior seemed uncommon for polymer solar cells. We try from this work to understand device physics and to locate a relationship between production parameters and performance parameters of the solar cell based on small organic molecules.

Yasser A. M. Ismail

Tetsuo Soga

Takashi Jimbo

Investigation of Annealing and Blend Concentration Effects of Organic Solar Cells Composed of Small Organic Dye and Fullerene Derivative

This paper presents a novel method of detecting secondary electrons generated in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The method suggests that the photomultiplier tube (PMT), traditionally used in the Everhart-Thornley (ET) detector, is to be replaced with a configurable multipixel solid-state photon detector offering the advantages of smaller dimension, lower supply voltage and power requirements, and potentially cheaper product cost. The design of the proposed detector has been implemented using a standard 0.35&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>m CMOS technology with optical enhancement. This microchip comprises  main circuit constituents of an array of photodiodes connecting to respective noise-optimised transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), a selector-combiner (SC) circuit, and a postamplifier (PA). The design possesses the capability of detecting photons with low input optical power in the range of 1&#x2009;nW with 100&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>m &#xd7; 100&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>m&#x2009;sized photodiodes and achieves a total amplification of 180&#x2009;dB&#x3a9; at the output.

Joon Huang Chuah

David Holburn

Design of Pixellated CMOS Photon Detector for Secondary Electron Detection in the Scanning Electron Microscope

Integrated optics today is based upon chips of Si and InP.  The future of this chip industry is probably contained in the thrust towards optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) and photonic integrated circuits (PICs) manufactured in a high-volume foundry.  We believe that reconfigurable OEICs and PICs, known as ROEICs and RPICs, constitute the ultimate embodiment of integrated photonics.  This paper shows that any ROEIC-on-a-chip can be decomposed into photonic modules, some of them fixed and some of them changeable in function. Reconfiguration is provided by electrical control signals to the electro-optical building blocks. We illustrate these modules in detail and discuss 3D ROEIC chips for the highest-performance signal processing. We present examples of our module theory for RPIC optical lattice filters already constructed, and we propose new ROEICs for directed optical logic, large-scale matrix switching, and 2D beamsteering of a phased-array microwave antenna. In general, large-scale-integrated ROEICs will enable significant applications in computing, quantum computing, communications, learning, imaging, telepresence, sensing, RF/microwave photonics, information storage, cryptography, and data mining.

Richard Soref

Reconfigurable Integrated Optoelectronics

We present a review of the theoretical models and experimental verification of the single-section Fabry-Perot mode-locked semiconductor lasers based on multiple-spatial-mode (MSM) coupling.  The mode-locked operation at the repetition rates of 40&#x2009;GHz and higher and the pulse width of a few picoseconds are confirmed by the intensity autocorrelation, the fast photo detection and RF spectrum, and the optical spectral interference measurement of ultrafast pulse.  The spatial mode coupling theory of single-section Fabry-Perot mode-locked semiconductor lasers is also reviewed, and the results are compared with the experimental observations.  The small signal modulation response of these lasers, which exhibits high-frequency responses well beyond the relaxation oscillation resonance limit, is also modeled theoretically, and the simulation is verified by the experimental measurements.

Weiguo Yang

Single-SectionFabry-Perot Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers

Ana Vukovic

Martin Cryan

Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Jun Shibayama

Optical Waveguides and Resonant Cavities

The design, the realization, and the characterization of silicon resonant cavity enhanced (RCE)  photodetectors, working at 1.55&#x2009;<i  >&#x3bc;</i>m, are reported. The photodetectors are constituted by a Fabry-Perot microcavity incorporating a Schottky diode. The working principle is based on the internal photoemission effect. We investigated two types of structures: top and back-illuminated. Concerning the top-illuminated photodetectors, a theoretical and numerical analysis has been provided and the device quantum efficiency has been calculated. Moreover, a comparison among three different photodetectors, having as Schottky metal: gold, silver, or copper, was proposed. Concerning the back-illuminated devices, two kinds of Cu/p-Si RCE photodetectors, having various bottom-mirror reflectivities, were realized and characterized. Device performances in terms of responsivity, free spectral range, and finesse were theoretically and experimentally calculated in order to prove an enhancement in efficiency due to the cavity effect. The back-illuminated device fabrication process is completely compatible with the standard silicon technology.

M. Casalino

G. Coppola

M. Gioffr&#232;

M. Iodice

L. Moretti

I. Rendina

L. Sirleto

Microcavity Silicon Photodetectors at 1.55&#x2009;&#x03BC;m

To the end of realizing a quantum network on-chip, single photons must be guided consistently to their proper destination both on demand and without alteration to the information they carry. Coupled cavity waveguides are anticipated to play a significant role in this regard for two important reasons. First, these structures can easily be included within fully quantum-mechanical models using the phenomenological description of the tight-binding Hamiltonian, which is simply written down in the basis of creation and annihilation operators that move photons from one quasimode to another. This allows for a deeper understanding of the underlying physics and the identification and characterization of features that are truly critical to the behavior of the quantum network using only a few parameters. Second, their unique dispersive properties together with the careful engineering of the dynamic coupling between nearest neighbor cavities provide the necessary control for high-efficiency single-photon on-chip transfer. In this publication, we report transfer efficiencies in the upwards of 93% with respect to a fully quantum-mechanical approach and unprecedented 77% in terms of transferring the energy density contained in a classical quasibound mode from one cavity to another.

Hubert Pascal Seigneur

Matthew Weed

Michael Niklaus Leuenberger

Winston Vaughan Schoenfeld

Controlled On-Chip Single-Photon Transfer Using Photonic Crystal Coupled-Cavity Waveguides

The oblique BPM based on the Du-Fort Frankel method is presented. The paper demonstrates the accuracy and the computational improvements of the scheme compared to the oblique BPM based on Crank-Nicholson (CN) scheme.

Ken Chan

Philip Sewell

Trevor Benson

Oblique Du-Fort Frankel Beam Propagation Method

Various metal-insulator-metal- (MIM-) type plasmonic waveguides and gratings are investigated numerically.
Three gratings are treated: one is formed by alternately stacking two kinds of MIM waveguides, another by
periodic changes in the dielectric insulator materials of an MIM waveguide, and the other by a periodic variation of
the air core width in an MIM waveguide. The dispersion property of each MIM waveguide of which the grating consists
is analyzed using the implicit Yee-mesh-based beam-propagation method. It is shown that the third one has
a relatively large effective index modulation of the guided mode with a simple grating structure, while maintaining a low propagation loss. Further examination is given to modifications of this grating structure. The transmission characteristics are examined using the frequency-dependent implicit locally one-dimensional FDTD method. We discuss
how the modified grating structure affects the bandgap of the transmission characteristics.

Junji Yamauchi

Hisamatsu Nakano

Analysis of Plasmonic Waveguides and Gratings Using Implicit Finite-Difference Methods

We present a novel hybrid silicon-polymer dual slot waveguide for high speed and ultra-low driving voltage electro-optic (EO) modulation. The proposed design utilizes the unique properties of ferroelectric materials such as LiNbO<sub>3</sub> to achieve dual RF and optical modes within a low index nanoslot. The tight mode concentration and overlap in the slot allow the infiltrated organic EO polymers to experience enhanced nonlinear interaction with the applied electric field. Half-wavelength voltage-length product and electro-optic response are rigorously simulated to characterize the proposed design, which reveals ultrabroadband operation, up to 250&#x2009;GHz, and subvolt driving voltage for a 1&#x2009;cm long modulator.

Shouyuan Shi

Dennis W. Prather

Ultrabroadband Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Hybrid Silicon-Polymer Dual Vertical Slot Waveguide

A TM-pass/TE-stop polarizer consisting of a
metal film sandwiched between dielectric gratings is investigated
using the finite-difference time-domain method. At
normal incidence with respect to the grating plane, a transmissivity
of more than 94&#x25; and a reflectivity of more than
98&#x25; are obtained at <svg style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:55.325001px;" id="M1" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 55.325001 11.125" width="55.325001"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.125)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-63.1)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜆</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.227454" y="0">=</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.267843" y="0">1</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.519342" y="0">.</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.645094" y="0">5</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.896591" y="0">5</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg>&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" id="M2" height="9.6750002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜇</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg>m for the TM and TE waves,
respectively. The extinction ratio is more than 17&#x2009;dB over
a wavelength range of 1.50&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" id="M3" height="9.6750002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜇</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg>m to 1.75&#x2009;<svg style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" id="M4" height="9.6750002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜇</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg>m. A high extinction
ratio is maintained at oblique incidence, although the
wavelength range shifts towards longer wavelengths. The
TM-pass/TE-stop operation is also achieved with a modified
structure, in which a dielectric grating is sandwiched
between metal films.

Yuu Wakabayashi

A TM-Pass/TE-Stop Polarizer Based on a Surface Plasmon Resonance

About this journal

<p>Advances in OptoElectronics publishes papers on the theory, design, fabrication, and applications of devices and components that convert light into an electrical current or, conversely, an electric current into light.</p>


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Advances in OptoElectronics ceased publication in 2019 and is no longer accepting submissions.

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Advances in OptoElectronics publishes papers on the theory, design, fabrication, and applications of devices and components that convert light into an electrical current or, conversely, an electric current into light.

Advances in OptoElectronics