The Accordion Maneuver: A Noninvasive Strategy for Absent or Delayed Callus Formation in Cases of Limb Lengthening

Table 3

Previous reports on the use of distraction and compression in treatment of long bone fractures, delayed unions, and nonunions.

Authors	Number of patients	Indication	Successful outcome	Technique for distraction-compression
Kulkarni 2004 [29]	N/A	Hypertrophic nonunion	N/A	Distraction 0.5 mm/day for 20 days, then stopping for the next 20 days, and finally compression
Inan et al. 2005 [30]	11	Femoral pseudarthrosis	100% (11/11)	Cyclic compression and distraction at the nonunion site
Madhusudhan et al. 2008 [14]	2	Tibial nonunion	100% (2/2)	Compression and distraction (no details)
Laursen et al. 2000 [18]	2	Tibial nonunions	50% (1/2)	Alternating distraction (1 week) with compression (1 week), until callus visible on X-ray
Chand et al. 2010 [31]	2	Nonunion of long bone fractures	100% (2/2)	Compression and distraction technique (no details)