Review Article
Thromboembolism in Malignant Musculoskeletal Tumour: A Literature Review
Table 1
List literatures reviewed.
| | Studies | Year | Type of study | Findings of the study |
| | Pathophysiology | | Falanga et al. | 2012 | Literature review | Risk of VTE in cancer patients is significantly higher compared to normal population | | Walder et al. | 2012 | Case report | Invasion of tumour into vascular tissue and invasive treatment such as catheters may affect incidence | | Falanga et al. | 2015 | Literature review | Musculoskeletal tumour inhibit fibrinolysis and cytokine production while increasing platelet aggregation | | Hisada et al. | 2015 | Literature review | Central venous line, transfusion, and chemotherapy increase the risk of thrombus formation in cancer patients | | Yoshimura et al. | 2018 | Prospective cohort | High BMI increases the risk of thrombus formation | | Groot et al. | 2018 | Retrospective cohort | Risk of VTE increases significantly in patents with long bone metastasis receiving surgical therapy | | Tukaye et al. | 2016 | Literature review | Thrombosis may be the first finding of occult tumour | | Dickmann et al. | 2013 | Prospective cohort | Increased cumulative probability of VTE in cancer patients with metastases |
| | Diagnosis | | Mitsunaga et al. | 2013 | Case report | Contrast-enhanced MRI may be helpful in finding tumour thrombus | | Navalkele et al. | 2013 | Case report | The utilization of ultrasound in diagnosis of thromboembolism in cancer patients | | Kaiser et al. | 2017 | Retrospective cohort | Preoperative complete blood examination may help in screening patients with risk of postoperative VTE |
| | Treatment | | Haase et al. | 2020 | Retrospective cohort | Tranexamic acid may decrease the risk of postoperative VTE with insignificant result | | Mendez et al. | 2017 | Retrospective cohort | Aspirin decreases the risk of thromboembolism in several types of cancer when administered as thromboprophylaxis | | Farge et al. | 2016 | Guideline | LMWH has been widely used to prevent postoperative thromboembolism in patients with a high risk of immobilization | | Watson et al. | 2015 | Guideline | LMWH may be used as a preventive and treatment agent for VTE | | Kearon et al. | 2016 | Guideline | LMWH may be used as a preventive and treatment agent for VTE | | Farge et al. | 2019 | Literature review | The limitation of LMWH is that it is an expensive drug and is administered by injection, therefore lowering compliance |
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VTE: venous thromboembolism; LWMH: low molecular weight heparin.
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