Research Article
Injury Related to Fall and Its Predictors among Medically Diagnosed Adults with Visual Impairment in Ethiopia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Fall-related injuries among medically diagnosed adults with visual impairments, Gondar, Ethiopia (n = 320).
| | Variables | Categories | Fall-related injury | | No (%) | Yes (%) | χ2 | P |
| | Age in years (mean age ((55.94 ± 14.2)) | 22–44 | 65 (82.3) | 14 (17.7) | 6.64 | 0.35 | | 45–64 | 103 (78.0) | 29 (22.0) | | Greater than 64 | 73 (67.0) | 36 (33.0) | | Sex | Male | 144 (77.0) | 43 (23.0) | 0.69 | 0.41 | | Female | 97 (72.9) | 36 (27.1) | | Residence | Urban | 91 (70.5) | 38 (29.5) | 2.65 | 0.10 | | Rural | 150 (78.5) | 41 (21.5) | | Marital status | Not married | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | 17.6 | 0.001 | | Married | 201 (78.5) | 55 (21.5) | | Divorced | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | | Windowed | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | | Religion | Orthodox Christian | 220 (76.1) | 69 (23.9) | 2.25 | 0.32 | | Protestant | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.00) | | Muslim | 19 (65.5) | 10 (34.5) | | Occupation | Housewife | 67 (71.3) | 27 (28.7) | 15.97 | 0.01 | | Farmer | 114 (80.3) | 28 (19.7) | | Civil servant | 27 (90.0) | 3 (10.0) | | Merchant | 16 (51.6) | 15 (48.4) | | Unemployed | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | | Retired | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | | Student | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.00) | | BMI (kg/m2) (mean 19.97 kg/m2 (±2.2) | Underweight (<18.5) | 57 (69.5) | 25 (30.5) | 6.07 | 0.48 | | Normal (18.5–24.9) | 177 (78.7) | 48 (21.3) | | Overweight (25–29.9) | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | | Income (ETB/month) | <1000 | 102 (74.5) | 35 (25.5) | 0.77 | 0.86 | | 1000–2000 | 74 (74.7) | 25 (25.3) | | 2001–3000 | 37 (80.4) | 9 (19.6) | | >3000 | 28 (73.7) | 10 (26.3) | | Cause of visual impairment | Cataract | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | 57.35 | 0.001 | | Glaucoma | 116 (77.9) | 53 (22.1) | | ARM | 15 (68.2) | 7 (31.8) | | Diabetic retinopathy | 3 (25.0) | 9 (75.0) | | Uncorrected refractive error | 41 (95.3) | 2 (4.7) | | Other eye diseases | 53 (88.3) | 7 (11.7) | 35.48 | 0.001 | | Severity of visual impairment | Mild | 117 (90.0) | 13 (10.0) | | Moderate | 93 (72.1) | 36 (27.9) | | Severe | 31 (50.8) | 30 (49.2) | | Smoking habit | Never | 23 (75.7) | 74 (24.3) | 3.5 | 0.17 | | Past smoker | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | | Current smoker | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | | Drinking alcohol habit | Never | 138 (71.1) | 56 (28.9) | 5.67 | 0.05 | | Past alcoholic | 28 (75.7) | 9 (24.3) | | Current alcoholic | 75 (84.3) | 14 (15.7) | | Taking medication | No | 190 (87.2) | 28 (12.8) | 51.6 | 0.001 | | Yes | 51 (50.0) | 51 (50.0) | | Physical exercise | No | 206 (74.4) | 71 (25.6) | 0.99 | 0.32 | | Yes | 35 (81.4) | 8 (18.6) | | Level of mobility | Independent without mobility aid | 212 (81.2) | 49 (18.8) | 28.04 | 0.001 | | Independent with mobility aid | 29 (48.3) | 30 (51.7) | | Family/social support | No | 82 (66.7) | 41 (33.3) | 8.03 | 0.005 | | Yes | 159 (80.7) | 38 (19.3) | | Medical comorbidity | No | 173 (84.0) | 33 (16.0) | 23.36 | 0.001 | | Yes | 68 (59.6) | 46 (40.4) | | Poor urine control | No | 235 (75.8) | 75 (24.2) | 1.3 | 0.25 | | Yes | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) |
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