Evaluation of Crossover Sign in Pelvis Models Made with a Three-Dimensional Printer

Table 1

Effect of pelvic tilt on the presence of the crossover sign and distance between the tip of the coccyx and the symphysis pubis in pelvic radiography.

Pelvic no.	Sex	Age	Anteversion (degree)	0 degrees (true AP^b)	Crossover sign/C-S distance^a (mm)
					2 degrees	4 degrees	6 degrees	8 degrees	10 degrees
1	Male	34	12.3	−/10	−/13	+/19	+/22	+/27	+/32
2	Male	42	11.9	−/18	+/21	+/25	+/30	+/35	+/39
3	Male	50	12.8	+/24	+/30	+/34	+/39	+/44	+/47
4	Male	30	13.1	−/35	+/40	+/45	+/48	+/54	+/57
5	Female	25	9.7	−/28	−/33	−/36	+/40	+/46	+/48
6	Female	34	12.2	−/19	+/23	+/28	+/33	+/37	+/42
7	Female	25	11.5	+/20	+/24	+/29	+/33	+/38	+/42
8	Female	39	10.7	−/12	−/18	−/23	+/28	+/34	+/37
Mean (±S. D)			11.7 ± 1.1	20.7 ± 8.2	25.2 ± 8.7	29.9 ± 8.2	34.1 ± 8.1	39.4 ± 8.3	43 ± 7.7

^aC-S distance, coccygeal tip-symphysis pubis distance; ^bAP, anteroposterior. Indicative of a positive crossover sign along with a normal coccygeal tip to symphysis pubis distance (10–30 mm). +, indicative of a positive crossover sign; −, indicative of a negative crossover sign. S. D., standard deviation.