The Clinical History and Basic Science Origins of Transcutaneous Osseointegration for Amputees

Figure 6

Schematic of what is likely the world’s first attempt at TOFA. A Vitallium screw inserted into the intramedullary canal of dogs (figure adapted with permission from Murphy E. F. History and philosophy of attachment of prostheses to the musculoskeletal system and of passage through the skin with inert materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 1973 May; 7(3):275–295).