A Novel Power Electronic Inverter Circuit for Transformerless Photovoltaic Systems

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="329043.fig.005a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2014/329043/figures/329043.fig.005a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Switch states (from bottom to top: <svg height="15.6875" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.6125 15.6875" width="14.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,15.475)"><path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" id="x36"></path></g>
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.4)"><path d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,15.475)"><path d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
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</svg>)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="329043.fig.005b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2014/329043/figures/329043.fig.005b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Inverter output voltage <svg height="15.4" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.325001 15.4" width="25.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="329043.fig.005c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2014/329043/figures/329043.fig.005c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>Grid current and spectrum</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><img alt="329043.fig.005d" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2014/329043/figures/329043.fig.005d.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(d) </b>Capacitive leakage current and spectrum</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Active and Passive Electronic Components

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: A Novel Power Electronic Inverter Circuit for Transformerless Photovoltaic Systems 