Realization of DVCCTA Based Versatile Modulator

Table 1

Comparison of exiting modulator topologies.

Ref. number	Implementation scheme	Active element used	Modulation type
[1]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	CCII, Opamps	PWM
[2, 3]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	OTAs	PWM
[4]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	OTAs	AM, FM, delta, and sigma delta
[5]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	CCCDTA	PWM
[6]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	MOCCCDTA	PWM
[7]	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	OTRA	PWM
[8]	Switched capacitor	Opamps	Sigma delta
[9]	Comparator based switched capacitors	Dynamic Comparator OTA	Sigma delta
[10]	Class-C inverter switched capacitor	Class-C inverter	Sigma delta
[11]	Comparator based switched capacitors	Opamps	Sigma delta
[12]	Switched current CMOS	None	Sigma delta
[13–15]	Loop filter + quantizer	Opamps	Sigma delta
Proposed	Schmitt trigger followed by integrator	DVCCTA	AM, FM, delta, and sigma delta