Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Expecting Couples Birth Preparedness Intentions in a Rural Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study from Rukwa, Southern Tanzania

Table 3

Distribution of participants by birth preparedness intention and the potential factors affecting birth preparedness intention (Chi-Square).

Variable	Intention to prepare			Intention to prepare
	Pregnant women (N=546)			Their partners (N=546)
	Yes n(%)	No n(%)	p-value	Yes n(%)	No n(%)	p-value
Attitude
Positive attitude	519(96.65)	18(3.35)	0	526(99.62)	2(0.38)	0.003
Negative attitude	2(22.22)	7(77.78)		17(94.44)	1(5.56)
Subjective norms
Positive subjective norms	476 (96.16)	19(3.84)	0.01	524(99.62)	2(0.38)	0.006
Negative subjective norms	45(88.24)	6(11.76)		19(95.00)	1(5.00)
Perceived behavior control
Positive behavior control	512(96.24)	20(3.76)	0	518(99.42)	3(0.58)	0.704
Negative behavior control	9(64.29)	5(35.71)		25(100)	0(0.0)
Age groups
Less than 20	159(95.21)	8(4.79)		26(96.30)	1(3.70)
21 to 25	150(96.15)	6(3.85)	0.799	141(98.60)	2(1.40)	0.064
26 to 30	98(93.33)	7(6.67)		146(100)	0(0.0)
31 to 35	53(96.36)	2(3.64)		87(100)	0(0.0)
36+	61(96.83)	2(3.17)		143(100)	0(0.0)
Ethnic group
Fipa	302(93.79)	20(6.21)	0.051	364(99.18)	3(0.82)	0.479
Mambwe	119(99.17)	1(0.83)		118(100)	0(0.0)
Others	100(96.15)	4(3.85)		61(100)	0(0.0)
Education Level
No Formal	216(93.91)	14(6.09)	0.277	154(99.35)	1(0.65)
Primary School	288(96.32)	11(3.68)		352(99.72)	1(0.28)	0.174
Secondary School or Higher	17(100)	0(0.0)		37(97.37)	1(2.63)
Ever heard about birth preparedness
Yes	441(97.57)	11(2.43)		442(99.55)	2(0.45)
No	80(85.11)	14(14.89)	0	101(99.02)	1(0.98)	0.514
Economic status
Less than one dollar/dollar	376(94.24)	23(5.76)		381(99.74)	1(0.26)	0.165
At least one dollar/day	145(98.64)	2(1.36)	0.029	162(98.78)	2(1.22)
Own a mobile phone
Yes	69(100)	0(0.0)		231(98.72)	3(1.28)
No	452(94.76)	25(5.24)	0.052	312(100)	0(0.0)	0.045
Knowledge of birth preparedness components
Not knowledgeable	482(95.26)	24(4.74)	0.514	511(99.42)	3(0.58)	0.665
Knowledgeable	39(97.5)	1(2.5)		32(100)	0(0.0)
Parity
Para 0	112(93.33)	8(6.67)
Para 1-4	306(95.62)	14(4.38)	0.374
Para 5+	103(97.17)	3(2.83)
Have a prior pre-term delivery			0.765
Yes	28(96.55)	1(3.45)
No	493(95.36)	24(4.64)
Prior C Session			0.424
Yes	13(100)	0(0.0)
No	508(95.31)	25(4.69)