Household Food Insecurity, Low Dietary Diversity, and Early Marriage Were Predictors for Undernutrition among Pregnant Women Residing in Gambella, Ethiopia

Table 2

Sociocultural characteristics of pregnant women in Gambella town, March-April 2014 .

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)	MUAC ≤ 21 cm	MUAC > 21 cm	Crude odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Early marriage	Yes	141 (43.8)	66 (46.8)	75 (53.2)	5.3 (3.09–8.9)	0.001
	No	181 (56.2)	26 (14.4)	155 (85.6)
History of teenage pregnancy	Yes	159 (49.4)	69 (43.4)	90 (56.6)	4.7 (2.7–8.02)	0.001
	No	163 (50.6)	23 (14.1)	140 (85.9)
Living in polygamy	Yes	64 (19.9)	30 (46.9)	34 (53.1)	2.8 (1.6–4.9)	0.001
	No	258 (80.1)	62 (24.0)	196 (76.0)
Measures taken when the food to be eaten was small	Shared equally	247 (76.7)	60 (24.3)	187 (75.7)	1
	Given to children only	21 (6.5)	11 (52.4)	10 (47.6)	3.4 (1.4–8.5)	0.008
	First given to husband and shared	54 (16.8)	21 (38.9)	33 (61.1)	2.0 (1.1–3.7)	0.03
Allocation of the best portion of the food during meal	Shared equally	198 (61.5)	41 (20.7)	157 (79.3)	1
	Give to husband	98 (30.4)	40 (40.8)	58 (59.2)	2.6 (1.6–4.5)	0.001
	Given to children	26 (8.1)	11 (42.3)	15 (57.7)	2.8 (1.2–6.6)	0.017
Time of dishing of mother’s portion during meal	Along with husband	180 (55.9)	35 (19.4)	145 (80.6)	1
	After husband	35 (10.9)	16 (45.7)	19 (54.3)	3.5 (1.6–7.5)	0.001
	After husband and children	107 (33.2)	41 (38.3)	66 (61.7)	2.6 (1.5–4.4)	0.001

Note. 1 = reference.