Advances in Public Health

Research Article

High Baseline CD4 Count and Exclusive Breastfeeding Are Associated with Lower Rates of Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Northwestern Uganda: A Two-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Bivariate analysis of factors associated with MTCT at ARRH, Northwestern Uganda.


Variable	MTCT along the EID cascade?		Total	Univariable logistic regression analysis	-value
Variable	No (No., %)	Yes (No., %)	Total	UOR (95% CI)	-value

Overall	270 (91.5)	25 (8.5)	295
Maternal age (years)
Less or equals 30	53 (85.5)	9 (14.5)	62	Ref
More than 30	217 (93.1)	16 (6.9)	233	0.43 (0.18–1.04)	0.060
Parity (children ever born)
One	131 (92.2)	11 (7.8)	142	Ref
More than one	139 (90.8)	14 (9.2)	153	0.20 (0.52–2.74)	0.666
Attended ANC during pregnancy
No	107 (85.6)	18 (14.4)	125	Ref
Yes	163 (95.9)	7 (4.1)	170	0.25 (0.10–0.63)	0.003
Baseline WHO Clinical staging
I & II	232 (92.4)	19 (7.6)	251	Ref
III & IV	38 (86.4)	6 (13.6)	44	1.93 (0.72–5.14)	0.189
Baseline CD4 count (cells/ml)
<350	65 (83.3)	13 (16.7)	78	Ref
350–500	45 (95.7)	2 (4.3)	47	0.22 (0.05–1.03)	0.055
>500	160 (94.1)	10 (5.9)	170	0.312 (0.13–0.75)	0.009
Place of delivery
Health facility	192 (94.1)	12 (5.9)	204	Ref
Home	78 (85.7)	13 (14.3)	91	2.67 (1.16–6.10)	0.02
Mode delivery
SVD	233 (92.8)	18 (7.2)	251	Ref
Caesarean section	37 (84.1)	7 (15.9)	44	2.45 (0.96–6.26)	0.062
Nevirapine initiation after delivery
Never at all	22 (62.9)	13 (37.1)	35	Ref
After 6-weeks	3 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	3	1
From birth up to 6-weeks	245 (95.3)	12 (4.7)	257	0.08 (0.03–0.20)	<0.001
Exclusive breastfeeding in first 6-months
No	33 (66.0)	17 (34.0)	50	Ref
Yes	237 (96.7)	8 (3.3)	245	0.06 (0.03–0.16)	<0.001
Maternal use of ART
ART naïve	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)	8	Ref
Received ART during labor and delivery	6 (54.6)	5 (45.4)	11	1.39 (0.22–8.92)	0.729
On life-long ART	259 (93.8)	17 (6.2)	276	0.11 (0.02–0.50)	0.004

Note. Percentages calculated as row percentages (n/N); ANC: antenatal care; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; ART: antiretroviral therapy; MTCT: mother to child transmission of HIV; NVP: Nevirapine; UOR: unadjusted odds ratio; Ref: reference category.