Prevalence and Determinants of Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Benna Tsemay District, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Pastoralist and Agropastoralist Context
Table 4
Demographic, socioeconomic, and child demographic health determinant of under-five diarrhea in Benna Tsemay District, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 01 January to 30 February, 2019.
Variables
Diarrhea, n (%)
No diarrhea, n (%)
COR (95% C.I)
AOR (95% C.I)
Residence
Urban
35 (17.4)
166 (82.6)
1
1
Rural
135 (25.9)
366 (74.1)
1.65 (1.09–2.50)
1.10 (0.60–2.00)
Family size
Four and less
42 (19.8)
188 (80.2)
1
1
More than four
128 (27.9)
364 (72.1)
1.57 (1.06–2.32)
1.28 (0.79–2.09)
Number of <5 children in the household
1
1
One
57 (18.2)
257 (81.8)
1
1
Two and above
113 (27.7)
295 (72.3)
1.27 (1.20–2.47)
1.23 (0.77–1.96)
Education of mothers or caregivers
Secondary and above
13 (13.3)
85 (86.7)
1
1
Primary
18 (17)
88 (83)
1.33 (0.61–2.89)
0.66 (0.25–1.70)
Illiterate
139 (26.8)
379 (73.2)
2.39 (1.29–4.43)
0.75 (0.33–1.69)
Availability of television
Yes
8 (9.8)
74 (90.2)
1
1
No
162 (25.3)
478 (74.7)
3.13 (1.48–6.64)
0.83 (0.29–2.42)
Availability kitchen
Yes
59 (18.7)
256 (81.2)
1
1
No
111 (27.3)
296 (72.7)
1.62 (1.13–2.32)
0.77 (0.46–1.29)
Latrine availability
Yes
76 (17.4)
362 (82.6)
1
1
No
94 (33.1)
190 (66.9)
2.35 (1.66–3.34)
2.77 (1.66–4.63)
Faeces seen around the pit-hole or floor of latrine
No
52 (13.7)
328 (86.3)
1
1
Yes
24 (41.4)
34 (58.6)
4.45 (2.45–8.10)
2.92 (1.38–6.19)
No latrine
94 (33.1)
190 (66.9)
3.12 (2.13–4.58)
-
Kitchen waste disposal
Proper disposal
24 (13)
160 (87.4)
1
1
Improper disposal
146 (27.1)
392 (72.9)
2.48 (1.55–3.97)
2.31 (1.26–4. 24)
Drinking water source
Protected source
80 (18.3)
358 (81.7)
1
1
Unprotected source
90 (31.7)
194 (68.3)
2.07 (1.46–2.94)
1.81 (1.14–2.88)
Time spent to fetch water
30 minute and less
90 (20.7)
344 (79.3)
1
1
More than 30 minute
80 (27.8)
208 (72.2)
1.47 (1.03–2.08)
1.21 (0.77–1.90)
Mother or caretaker having diarrhea history in the last 2 weeks
Yes
16 (66.7)
8 (33.3)
1
1
No
154 (22.1)
554 (77.9)
7.07 (2.97–16.82)
6.74 (2.51–18.07)
Time initiated for complementary feeding
Before 6 months
93 (31.7)
200 (68.3)
1
1
On 6 months
50 (16.9)
246 (83.1)
0.43 (0.29–0.64)
0.72 (0.45–1.16)
After 6 months
7 (21.9)
25 (78.1)
0.60 (0.25–1.44)
0.54 (0.21–1.40)
Materials for feeding the child
Hand
65 (28.9)
160 (71.1)
1
1
Cup and spoon
51 (18.2)
229 (81.8)
0.92 (0.51–1.64)
0.60 (0.36–0.97)
Bottle
12 (27.3)
32 (72.7)
0.50 (0.28–0.91)
0.98 (0.42–2.29)
Others
22 (30.6)
50 (69.4)
0.85 (0.37–1.95)
0.98 (0.48–2.01)
Rotavirus vaccine
Yes
81 (17.4)
385 (82.6)
1
1
No
89 (34.8)
164 (65.2)
2.53 (1.78–3.60)
2.87 (1.86–4.44)
Note: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio. Statistically significant at an alpha value of 0.05. Due to redundancy with the variable “latrine availability,” AOR for the third category of the variable “Faeces seen around the pit-hole or floor of latrine” cannot be computed. Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: chi-squared = 8.54; degree of freedom = 8; value = 0.382.
