Advances in Public Health

Research Article

Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Social Support among Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana

Table 4

Regression coefficients to describe the association between sociodemographic characteristics including social network and coping strategies.


Variable	Crude β (95% CI)	Active coping		Crude β (95% CI)	Avoidant coping
		Adjusted β (95% CI)			Adjusted β (95% CI)
		Model 1	Model 2		Model 1	Model 2

Sociodemographic characteristics
Age	−0.01 (−0.02, −0.003)^a	−0.07 (−0.02, 0.01)	−0.01 (−0.02, 0.01)	−0.02 (−0.03, −0.01)^b	−0.02 (−0.03, −0.01)^c	−0.01(−0.02, 0.01)
Education (ref = no education)
Basic education	−0.10 (−0.44, 0.25)	−0.34 (−0.68, 0.00)	−0.26 (−0.58, 0.07)	0.24 (−0.12, 0.60)	0.03 (−0.33, 0.38)	0.16 (−0.17, 0.49)
Secondary or tertiary education	0.02 (−0.36, 0.40)	−0.25 (−0.64, 0.14)	−0.20 (−0.57, 0.18)	0.14 (−0.26, 0.57)	−0.15 (−0.36, 0.25)	−0.10 (−0.48, 0.27)
Christian religion (ref = Islamic or other)	0.06 (−0.25, 0.37)	−0.09 (−0.39, 0.21)	−0.08 (−0.37, 0.21)	−0.09 (−0.41, 0.23)	−0.24 (−0.56, 0.07)	−0.22 (−0.50, 0.07)
Married (ref = single)	0.48 (0.02, 0.80)^c	0.41 (0.02, 0.70)^b	0.19 (−0.10, 0.48)	0.39 (0.10, 0.68)^b	0.24 (−0.06, 0.54)	−0.05 (−0.34, 0.24)
Employed (ref = unemployed)	0.60 (0.31, 0.90)^c	0.49 (0.17, 0.70)^c	0.38 (0.06, 0.70)^a	0.64 (0.33, 0.94)^c	0.48 (0.14, 0.81)^b	0.28 (−0.04, 0.60)
Social network (ref = <2)
2–5	0.80 (0.38, 1.22)^c		0.73 (0.30, 1.16)^b	0.80 (0.38, 1.22)^c		0.74 (0.31, 1.17)^b
≥5	1.41 (0.96, 1.85)^c		1.14 (0.66, 1.62)^c	1.61 (1.16, 2.01)^c		1.46 (0.98, 1.94)^c

^a, ^b^c; CI, confidence interval; ref, referent. Model 1 = adjusted model of sociodemographic characteristics; Model 2 = adjusted model of sociodemographic characteristics + social network. All analyses are exploratory.