Access Differentials in Primary Healthcare among Vulnerable Populations in a Health Insurance Setting in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Perception of the NHIS by vulnerable groups.
Variables
Groups
value
Elderly Mean (SD)
Pregnant women Mean (SD)
Female porters Mean (SD)
Sex workers Mean (SD)
Others Mean (SD)
NHIS is not enough to provide my healthcare needs
4.5 (1.8)
4.5 (1.7)
3.9 (1.7)
4.9 (2.1)
4.1 (1.7)
0.017
NHIS does not cover all medical and other equipment expenses
5.0 (1.6)
4.5 (1.7)
4.2 (1.4)
5.6 (1.7)
4.5 (1.3)
<0.001
NHIS does not cover physical examination for my health care
4.2 (1.7)
3.0 (1.7)
2.9 (1.7)
4.8 (1.8)
3.6 (1.8)
<0.001
With NHIS, I have long waiting time at the facility
2.9 (1.8)
3.7 (1.4)
3.9 (1.4)
4.9 (1.8)
4.1 (1.2)
<0.001
NHIS ensures that the vulnerable enjoys the same rights to healthcare as other members in society
4.3 (1.6)
4.8 (1.6)
4.6 (1.8)
5.5 (1.8)
4.7 (1.9)
<0.001
Premium is too expensive considering my finances
1.7 (1.2)
2.4 (1.3)
2.6 (1.4)
3.3 (1.8)
2.1 (1.0)
<0.001
I am discriminated at the facility with NHIS
1.7 (1.1)
2.0 (1.2)
2.0 (1.2)
2.8 (1.9)
1.6 (7.5)
<0.001
People with disabilities, drug users, prisoners, and orphans; NHIS = National Health Insurance Scheme. Mean computed from response on a 7-point Likert scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = somewhat disagree, 4 = neutral, 5 = somewhat agree, 6 = agree, and 7 = strongly agree.
