Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery in the Ho Municipality of Ghana

Table 4

Association between sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics, maternal health conditions, and the odds of preterm delivery.

Characteristic	Preterm delivery [N = 96] n (%)	COR (95% CI) value model I	AOR (95% CI) value model II
Age (years)
< 20	21 (21.9)	Ref.	Ref.
20–34	60 (62.5)	0.38 (0.22, 0.67), 0.001	0.63 (0.30, 1.33), 0.231
35–49	15 (15.6)	0.45 (0.21, 0.94), 0.034	0.88 (0.35, 2.21), 0.791
Educational level
No formal education	21 (21.9)	Ref.
Primary school	11 (11.5)	0.55 (0.25, 1.23), 0.146
JSS/JHS/middle school	34 (35.4)	0.59 (0.32, 1.08), 0.090
SHS/SSS/vocational	18 (18.8)	0.50 (0.25, 0.99), 0.048
University	12 (12.5)	0.41 (0.19, 0.89), 0.024
Occupation
Unemployed	25 (26.0)	Ref.
Private sector	60 (62.5)	0.78 (0.47, 1.30), 0.346
Public sector	11 (11.5)	0.58 (0.27, 1.24), 0.158
Marital status
Single	46 (47.9)	Ref.
Married	50 (52.1)	0.52 (0.34, 0.80), 0.003
Parity
Primiparous	38 (39.6)	Ref.
Multiparous	58 (60.4)	0.72 (0.46, 1.12), 0.146
Gravidity
Nulliparous	38 (39.6)	Ref.
Primiparous	22 (22.9)	0.64 (0.36, 1.13), 0.122
Multiparous	29 (30.2)	0.68 (0.40, 1.15), 0.152
Grand multiparous	7 (7.3)	1.81 (0.71, 4.61), 0.212
Delivery type
Normal/vaginal	69 (71.9)	Ref.	Ref.
Caesarean section	27 (28.1)	1.63 (1.01,2.66), 0.047	2.14 (1.15, 3.99), 0.016
Vacuum extraction	0 (0.0)	1.35 (0.06, 2.84), 0.847	2.40 (0.11, 5.24), 0.578
SP/IPTp dosage
< 3 doses	52 (54.2)	Ref.	Ref.
3 doses	30 (31.2)	0.46 (0.28, 0.75), 0.002	0.77 (0.41, 1.45), 0.422
> 3 doses	14 (14.6)	0.21 (0.11, 0.40), <0.001	0.43 (0.19, 0.97), 0.041
ANC visits
< 4	23 (24.0)	Ref.	Ref.
4	22 (22.9)	0.92 (0.46, 1.84), 0.822	0.87 (0.38, 2.01), 0.750
> 4	51 (53.1)	0.27,(0.15, 0.47), <0.001	0.38 (0.18, 0.80), 0.010
Hepatitis B infection
Negative	92 (95.8)	Ref.
Positive	4 (4.2)	0.93 (0.31, 2.74), 0.900
Syphilis infection
Negative	94 (97.9)	Ref.
Positive	2 (2.1)	3.08 (0.56, 17.08), 0.197
Hypertension status
Normotensive	83 (86.5)	Ref.
Hypertensive	13 (13.5)	0.94 (0.58, 1.55), 0.836
Anaemia status
Normal	37 (38.5)	Ref.	Ref.
Anaemic	59 (61.5)	2.27 (1.27, 4.03), 0.005	1.69 (0.92, 3.10), 0.092
Sickling status
Negative	77 (80.2)	Ref.
Positive	19 (19.8)	1.22 (0.71, 2.11), 0.469
Malaria infection
Negative	61 (63.5)	Ref.
Positive	35 (36.5)	2.78 (1.73, 4.43), <0.001