The Magnitude of Hidden Hunger and Cognitive Deficits among Children Living in Orphanages in Kumasi, Ghana
Table 3
Micronutrient intake of participants.
Nutrient intake
Total (n = 130)
O1 (n = 35)
O2 (n = 45)
O3 (n = 50)
value
Iron, RDA
Inadequate
14 (10.8)
6 (17.1)
4 (8.9)
4 (8.0)
0.360
Adequate
116 (89.2)
29 (82.9)
41 (91.1)
46 (92.0)
Zinc, RDA
Inadequate
59 (45.4)
28 (80.0)
11 (24.4)
20 (40.0)
<0.001
Adequate
71 (54.6)
7 (20.0)
34 (75.6)
30 (60.0)
Vitamin C, RDA
Inadequate
30 (23.1)
3 (8.6)
0 (0.0)
27 (54.0)
<0.001
Adequate
100 (76.9)
32 (91.4)
45 (100)
23 (46.0)
Folate, RDA
Inadequate
29 (22.3)
7 (20.0)
3 (6.7)
19 (38.0)
0.001
Adequate
101 (77.7)
28 (80.0)
42 (93.3)
31 (62.0)
Vitamin B12, RDA
Inadequate
66 (50.8)
35 (100.0)
12 (26.7)
19 (38.0)
<0.001
Adequate
64 (49.2)
0 (0.0)
33 (73.3)
31 (62.0)
Vitamin A, RDA
Inadequate
118 (90.8)
35 (100.0)
43 (95.6)
40 (80.0)
0.003
Adequate
12 (9.2)
0 (0.0)
2 (4.4)
10 (20.0)
Micronutrient intake deficiency status
No deficiency
12 (9.2)
0 (0.0)
2 (4.4)
10 (20.0)
0.003
Deficiency
118 (90.8)
35 (100)
43 (95.6)
40 (80.0)
Data are presented as frequency (column percentage). value in bold is significant. AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges; RDA: recommended dietary allowance. O1: orphanage 1, O2: orphanage 2, O3: orphanage 3.
