|
Time period | Variable | Measures/data sources |
|
Preconception variables | Insurance status and type of insurance | Center of Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) [5]; LAMB study team |
Interaction with healthcare professional to prepare for pregnancy | LAMB study team |
Content of preconception care counseling | LAMB study team |
Health conditions | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
Tobacco use | LAMB study team |
Folic acid/multivitamin use | Modified from PRAMS |
Pregnancy intention and partner pregnancy intention | Modified from PRAMS |
Birth control and emergency contraception use | Modified from PRAMS; LAMB study team |
Gravidity and parity | LAMB study team |
Previous pregnancy and birth outcomes | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
|
Pregnancy variables | Maternal stress (i.e., perceived stress and stressful life events) | 9-item version of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [38]; PRAMS Life Events List |
Maternal internal resources (i.e., self-esteem and mastery) | 3-item Rosenberg short form [39]; 4-item Pearlin short form [39] |
Job strain | Subscale of Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire [40]; unemployment rate item from ACS |
Maternal behaviors (i.e., smoking, alcohol use, and drug use) | PRAMS; 2005 California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) [4]; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) [41] |
Food insecurity | Core Food Security Module (CFSM) [42] |
Partner conflict | Marital Strain Scale (MSS) [43] |
Partner support/involvement | Fragile Families Study (FFS) [44]; Early Head Start Evaluation [45] |
Partner violence | Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) [46] |
Social network support | PRAMS |
Racial discrimination | Developed by Krieger (1990) [47] and modified by Collins and David (1997) [18] to assess pregnancy and lifetime exposures to interpersonal racial discrimination |
Healthcare content, access, and quality | Structure was measured by access and availability of services with items developed by the LAMB study team; process was measured by content with items from National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) [48]; adequacy of prenatal care was measured with items from the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (APNCU) Index [49]; commuting characteristics items from ACS |
Pregnancy complications | PRAMS; LAMB study team; 2007 California birth certificate data |
Neighborhood support | Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) [19] |
Neighborhood services | LAMB study team; availability of parks, crime rate, and mortgage status items from ACS |
|
Postpartum variables | Birth outcomes (LBW, PTB) | California birth certificate data |
Quality of healthcare during delivery | Item developed by LAMB study team |
Breastfeeding | Modified from PRAMS; LAMB study team |
Baby sleeping pattern/cosleeping | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
Well-baby checkup | LAMB study team |
Postpartum checkup | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
Partner violence | Abuse Assessment Screen; ACS |
Postpartum depression | Modified from Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) [50] |
Contraception use | PRAMS |
|
General: demographic data | Annual household income | LAMB study team |
Median household income | American Community Survey (ACS) [51] |
Immigration (i.e., length of residence in the US) | LAMB study team |
Acculturation (i.e., language spoken at home, nativity) | ACS |
Maternal education | 2007 California birth certificate data |
Race/ethnicity | 2007 California birth certificate data |
Marital status with baby’s father | PRAMS |
Occupation | Census data |
|