Research Article
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Insulin Resistance in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela
Table 8
Sociodemographic and metabolic risk factors associated with insulin resistance (Maracaibo, Venezuela, 2015).
| | | | | Model 1 | Model 2 | | | Crude odds ratio
(CI 95%) | | Adjusted odds ratio
(CI 95%) | | Adjusted odds ratio
(CI 95%) | |
| | Gender | | | | | | | | Males | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Females | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.89 | 1.29 (1.02–1.65) | 0.04 | 1.33 (1.04–1.71) | 0.02 |
| | Age groups (years) | | | | | | | | <30 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | 30–59 | 1.48 (1.22–1.80) | <0.01 | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | <0.01 | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | <0.01 | | ≥60 | 1.50 (1.11–2.02) | <0.01 | 0.42 (0.28–0.65) | <0.01 | 0.42 (0.27–0.66) | <0.01 |
| | Occupational status | | | | | | | | Unemployed | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Employed | 1.31 (1.09–1.58) | <0.01 | 1.45 (1.15–1.83) | <0.01 | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | <0.01 |
| | Leisure-domain physical activity | | | | | | | | Inactive | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Very low | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.93 | 1.25 (0.85–1.86) | 0.24 | 1.29 (0.87–1.93) | 0.21 | | Low | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.07 | 0.70 (0.47–1.04) | 0.08 | | Moderate | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.04 | 0.76 (0.51–1.14) | 0.17 | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.12 | | High | 0.63 (0.45–0.89) | <0.01 | 0.69 (0.46–1.03) | 0.07 | 0.63 (0.41–0.95) | 0.03 | | Very high | 0.53 (0.38–0.74) | <0.01 | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | 0.19 | 0.80 (0.54–1.20) | 0.28 |
| | Alcohol intake | | | | | | | | Absent | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Present | 1.21 (1.00–1.47) | 0.05 | 1.41 (1.10–1.79) | <0.01 | 1.44 (1.12–1.84) | <0.01 |
| | High TAG | | | | | | | | Absent | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Present | 2.51 (2.05–3.06) | <0.01 | 1.77 (1.38–2.27) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.36–2.29) | <0.01 |
| | Low HDL-C | | | | | | | | Absent | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Present | 1.76 (1.47–2.10) | <0.01 | 1.31 (1.06–1.64) | 0.01 | 1.33 (1.06–1.66) | 0.01 |
| | Elevated waist circumference | | | | | | | | Absent | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Present | 3.68 (3.06–4.42) | <0.01 | 1.31 (0.98–1.76) | 0.07 | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 0.11 |
| | JNC-8 classification | | | | | | | | Normotensive | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Prehypertensive | 1.41 (1.16–1.73) | <0.01 | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.73 | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 0.75 | | Hypertensive | 2.16 (1.71–2.72) | <0.01 | 0.99 (0.73–1.37) | 0.99 | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) | 0.73 |
| | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | | | | | | | | ≤24.9 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | 25–29.9 | 2.04 (1.62–2.57) | <0.01 | 1.90 (1.41–2.55) | <0.01 | 1.93 (1.43–2.61) | <0.01 | | ≥30 | 6.05 (4.76–7.69) | <0.01 | 4.33 (2.97–6.29) | <0.01 | 4.40 (2.99–6.47) | <0.01 |
| | Glycemic status | | | | | | | | Normoglycemic | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | Impaired fasting glycemia | 2.69 (2.14–3.38) | <0.01 | 2.43 (1.87–3.15) | <0.01 | 2.44 (1.88–3.17) | <0.01 | | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 5.98 (4.11–8.68) | <0.01 | 4.62 (2.71–7.88) | <0.01 | — | — |
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Confidence interval (95%); significance.
Model 1: adjusted for gender, age groups, ethnic groups, socioeconomic status, educational status, marital status, occupational status, diabetes mellitus family history, alcohol intake, smoking habits, leisure-domain physical activity, glycemic status, presence of high TAG, low HDL-C, and elevated waist circumference, BMI classification and JNC-8 classification.
Model 2: excluding diabetic subjects.
ADA 2014 classification.
IDF/AHA/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/IASO 2009 consensus criteria.
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