Spatial Pattern and Associated Factors of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Modeling of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data

Table 1

Socioeconomic characteristics of women, 15–49 years, in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS.

Variables	Frequency (%)	Percentages
ANC visit
No	2,792	37.42
Yes	4,670	62.58
Mother’s age
<20 years	691	9.26
20–34 years	4845	64.93
35–49 years	1926	25.81
Mean ± SD	29+-9.15
Sex of the household head
Male	6360	85.23
Female	1102	14.77
Marital status
Not having a partner	381	5.10
Having a partner	7081	94.90
Religion
Orthodox	2826	37.87
Muslim	2789	37.37
Protestant	1621	21.72
Others	226	3.03
Residence
Urban	961	12.88
Rural	6501	87.12
Region
Tigray	696	6.96
Afar	71	0.95
Amhara	1601	21.45
Oromia	3098	41.52
Somalia	267	3.85
Benishangul Gumuz	80	1.07
SNNP	1558	20.88
Gambella	20	0.27
Harari	17	0.23
Addis Ababa	197	2.64
Dire Dawa	33	0.44
Educational status of the mother
Unable to read and write	4705	63.05
Primary education	2113	28.31
Secondary education	415	5.56
Higher education	229	3.08
Educational status of the husband
Unable to read and write	3327	47.63
Primary education	2679	38.36
Secondary education	606	8.67
Higher education	373	5.34
Occupational status of the mother
Not working	4014	53.79
Working	3448	46.21
Occupational status of the husband
Not working	4129	55.34
Working	3333	44.66
Distance to health institution
A big problem	4336	58.11
Not a big problem	3126	41.89
Media exposure
No media exposure	4914	67.02
Has media exposure	2418	32.98
Birth order
1	1408	18.87
2–4	3137	42.04
≥ 5	2917	39.09
Parity
≤ 2	2576	34.43
2–5	2795	37.45
≥ 5^+	2091	28.02
Wealth index
Poor	3248	43.53
Middle	1553	20.08
Rich	2661	36.66

Others: Catholic and traditional followers.