Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E on Ethanol- and Aspirin-Induced Ulcers
Table 2
Effects of GSE, VC, and VE on ulcer indexes and MDA gastric concentrations in rats with ethanol-induced ulcer.
Treatment
Doses (mg/kg)
Ulcer index (mm)
(%)
MDA (nmol/mg of pt)
(%)
Negative control (vehicle)
0
0 ± 0****
—
1.02 ± 0.21**
—
Positive control (vehicle + ethanol)
0
72.27 ± 8.43
—
18.72 ± 0.76
—
Vit C + ethanol
25
32.32 ± 10.1*
55.2
10.71 ± 0.54***
45.2
Vit C + ethanol
250
32.67 ± 8.8**
54.8
7.93 ± 0.88***
61.0
Vit E + ethanol
25
40.94 ± 9.6*
43.3
11.03 ± 0.57***
43.4
Vit E + ethanol
250
29.21 ± 9.8**
59.6
5.02 ± 0.59***
77.4
GSE + ethanol
25
13.27 ± 4.8***ab
81.6
7.84 ± 0.45***aabb
61.4
GSE + ethanol
250
2.03 ± 0.69***aab
97.2
4.00 ± 0.28***aa
83.2
GSE: grape seed extract, VC: vitamin C, VE: vitamin E, MDA: malondialdehyde. Data as means ± MSE (mean standard error).
*
, **, ***; comparisons with positive control,, comparisons with the same doses of VC, , comparisons with the same doses of VE, (Mann-Whitney test).