Clinical setting Heparin preparation Mode of administration Comparator Number of patients Clinical outcome Laboratory outcome Study design Exercise-induced Asthma [9 ] UFH Inhaler Cromolyn sodium or placebo 12 Significantly reduction of exercise-induced asthma Heparin had no effect on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction Single-blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial Asthma [10 ] UFH Inhaler Placebo 8 Significant reduction of late asthmatic response after allergen administration ( — Randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial Atopic asthma [11 ] Heparin (IVX-0142) Nebulizer Placebo 19 No significant decrease in early ( — Randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial Asthma [12 ] LMWH Nebulizer — 24 Effective as an add-on therapy to standard treatment Reduction in eosinophil ( Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) Allergic asthma [13 ] UFH Inhaler Placebo 25 Heparin inhalation significantly reduced bronchial hyperreactivity ( — Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial Asthma [14 ] UFH Inhaler — 12 Transient (time-dependent) inhibitory role in allergic reactions Increased the methacholine PC20 value ( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial Asthma (children) [15 ] UFH Inhaler Placebo 14 Single dose of heparin significantly ( Provocation test used leukotriene D4 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial Asthma [16 ] UFH Inhaler Placebo 23 Significant reduction of bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine and leukotriene — Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial IBD [17 ] UFH IV/SC Hydrocortisone + prednisolone 20 (12 in control group) Clinical activity index, stool frequency, and endoscopic and histopathological grading were similar in both treatment groups CRP and α 1 acid glycoprotein did not change Open label randomized, crossover clinical trial IBD [18 ] UFH SC — 17 Histology improved significantly in ulcerative colitis patients (UFH is effective in ulcerative colitis but not Crohn disease) CRP ( Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) IBD [19 ] UFH IV Methyl prednisolone 25 (13 in control group) No effect of heparin, also increased bleeding No change in CRP Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial IBD [20 ] Enoxaparin + standard treatment SC Aminosalicylate + corticosteroid 34 (18 in control group) Significant improvement in disease severity in both groups ( No difference ESR, CRP and fibrinogen and coagulation Randomized controlled trial IBD [21 ] Nadroparin SC — 25 Endoscopic and histological sign of inflammation significantly improved — Quasi-experimental (Non-randomized clinical trial) Cataract surgery [22 ] UFH Intraocular lens (IOL) Polymethylmethacrylate 524 — Heparin surface modification reduced the cellular deposit compared to control group Randomized, double-blind, parallel group clinical trial Cataract surgery [23 ] UFH Intraocular lens (IOL) Polymethylmethacrylate 58 (31 in control group) Postoperative inflammation decreased significantly in heparin group ( Giant cell and cell deposit decreased significantly ( Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial Cataract surgery (pediatric) [24 ] UFH Irrigation Balanced salt solution 33 (19 in control group) Heparin irrigation reduced number of postoperative inflammatory related complication Anterior chamber reaction including fibrin formation was lower in heparin group Randomized prospective double-blind trial Cataract surgery (pediatrics) [25 ] Enoxaparin Irrigation No treatment 40 (20 in each group) Increase of flare and cell deposit after surgery (1 and 3 months) ( Increase in large cell deposits Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial Cataract surgery [26 ] UFH Irrigation Regular irrigation solution 72 Significant reduction of inflammation in the early (days 1–3) postoperative period ( — Randomized controlled trial Cardiopulmonary bypass (pediatric) [27 ] Heparin-coated circuit ( — Non-heparin-coated circuit ( 21 Decrease of systemic inflammatory response with the use of heparin-bonded oxygenators Significantly decreased levels of IL-6, IL-8, terminal complement complex, neutrophils, and elastase in heparin coated circuit Randomized controlled trial Cardiopulmonary bypass [28 ] Heparin-coated circuit ± aprotinin — Uncoated circuit ± aprotinin 200 (4 groups) Aprotinin and heparin had no effect on cytokine release TNF-α , IL-6, and IL-8 and myeloperoxidase did not change Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial Cardiopulmonary bypass [29 ] UFH — Uncoated circuit 51 (26 in each group) Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance index and pulmonary shunt fraction, and increased PaO2/FIO2 ratio Lower levels of phospholipase A2 and complement activation ( Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial Cardiopulmonary bypass [30 ] Heparin-coated circuit — Non-heparin-coated circuit 16 (9 in control group) — No significant difference between groups regarding: granulocyte elastase IL-6, IL-8 Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) Cardiopulmonary bypass [31 ] Heparin concentration-based system — Activated clotting time-based management 200 (100 in control group) No effect on postoperative blood loss Significant reduction of neutrophil activation and fibrinolysis and thrombin generation ( Randomized controlled trial Cardiopulmonary bypass (pediatric) [32 ] Heparin-coated circuit — Non-heparin-coated circuit 19 (10 in control group) Improvement of the biocompatibility of CPB during heart surgery Levels of complement factor C3a ( Randomized controlled trial Cardiopulmonary bypass (pediatric) [33 ] Heparin-coated circuit — Non-heparin-coated circuit 34 (12 in control group) No differences in duration of intubation, intensive care unit or hospital stay, or postoperative blood loss IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in heparin group ( Randomized controlled trial Cardiopulmonary bypass [34 ] Heparin-coated circuit (heparin + aprotinin) — Non-heparin-coated circuit (heparin + aprotinin) 30 (15 in each group) No significant differences between the two groups in terms of bleeding and transfusional requirements, the time spent on a ventilator, or in duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) Levels of IL-6, CRP, and neutrophil count did not change by heparin-coated circuit. Monocyte count increased in heparin-coated circuit Randomized controlled trial Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [35 ] Heparin-coated circuit — Non-heparin-coated circuit 18 (9 in each group) — Reduction of levels of IL-8 and TNF-α and increase of neutrophil elastase Randomized controlled trial
