Pharmacokinetics of Immediate and Sustained Release Cephalexin Administered by Different Routes to Llamas (Lama glama)

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) calculated for sustained release cephalexin following an intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) 8 mg/kg injection to 6 llamas.

Parameter	⁢Route of administration
	IM	SC
(μg/mL)	11.7 ± 1.6	8.2 ± 2.4
(h)	1.75 ± 0.3	3.33 ± 0.5
(h^−1)	0.46 ± 0.13	0.31 ± 0.10
(h)	1.60 ± 0.4	2.65 ± 1.7
(μg⋅h/mL)	59.5 ± 6.7	57.7 ± 12.3
(μg⋅h/mL)	60.2 ± 6.7	57.9 ± 12.4
(h)	3.5 ± 0.6	5.1 ± 1.2
(h)	3.7 ± 0.7	6.1 ± 2.5
(%)	87 ± 10	84 ± 18

Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences ().
: peak serum concentration; : time to reach peak serum concentration; : apparent terminal rate constant; : terminal half-life; : area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to last point; : area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity; MRT: mean residence time; : absolute bioavailability.