A Review of Malaysian Medicinal Plants with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Table 2

The medicinal plants which are considered to possess anti-inflammatory activity based on in vivo studies.

Scientific name	Family	Local name	Part/solvent used	Dose of the extract	Experimental animals	Results	References
Achyranthes aspera	Amaranthaceae	Ara songsang	Root/ethyl alcohol	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg	Wistar rats	All the doses caused significant reduction in paw edema compared to control	[49]
Annona muricata	Annonaceae	Durian belanda	Leaves/aqueous ethanol	10–300 mg/kg	Sprague-Dawley rats	A significant decrease of the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was observed	[50]
Ardisia crispa	Myrsinaceae	Mata pelandok	Root/ethanol	3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of body weight	Sprague-Dawley rats	A significant inhibition (93.34%) was observed in carrageenan-induced edema in rats at a dose of 300 mg/kg	[51]
Atylosia scarabaeoides	Fabaceae	Kara-kara/kacang kerara	Leaves/ethanol	150, 300, and 450 mg/kg	Swiss albino mice	The extract displayed significant inhibition of inflammation. Highest inhibition of paw edema (38.38%) at a dose of 450 mg/kg after 4 h of administration	[52]
Citrullus lanatus	Cucurbitaceae	Tembikai	Fruit pulp/petroleum ether, chloroform, and 90% ethanol	30 and 60 mg/kg of body weight	BALB/c mice	Cucurbitacin E inhibits inflammation significantly from the fourth hour and is able to revert paw edema through the COX-2 inhibition	[33]
Corchorus capsularis	Malvaceae	Kancing baju	Leaves/chloroform	20, 100, and 200 mg/kg	BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	The extract caused significant reduction in the thickness of edematous paw for the first 6 h	[53]
Crinum asiaticum	Amaryllidaceae	Pokok bakung	Leaves/methanol	50 mg/kg of the extract	Mice	Inhibition of paw edema (94.8%)	[54]
Curcuma aeruginosa	Zingiberaceae	Temu hitam	Rhizomes/chloroform, methanol, and water	100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg	Swiss mice and Wistar rats	No significant suppression was observed after oral administration of all doses on carrageenan-induced paw edema	[55]
Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	Kunyit	Rhizomes/water	200 mg/kg of body weight	Wistar albino rats	The production of anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines is decreasing	[56]
Cyathula prostrata	Amaranthaceae	Ketumbar	Leaves/methanol	50,100, and 200 mg/kg	Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice	All extracts displayed a significant dose-dependent inhibition in the carrageenan-, arachidonic acid-, and xylene-induced tests	[57]
Dicranopteris linearis	Gleicheniaceae	Resam	Leaves/chloroform	10, 100, and 200 mg/kg	BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	The extract produced significant anti-inflammatory activity that did not depend on the doses of the extract	[58]
Ficus deltoidea	Moraceae	Mas cotek	Whole plant/water	30, 100, and 300 mg/kg	Sprague-Dawley rats	The rats’ paw edema volume reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner	[59]
Garcinia subelliptica	Guttiferae	Pokok penanti	Seeds/chloroform	3, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µM	Sprague-Dawley rats	A potent inhibitory effect on fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation was observed in the isolated compound garcinielliptin oxide	[38]
Justicia gendarussa	Acanthaceae	Daun rusa	Root/methanol	50 mg/kg of the extract	Wistar rats	80% and 93% edema inhibition at the third and fifth hours	[60]
Kaempferia galanga	Zingiberaceae	Cekur	Rhizomes/chloroform	2 g/kg of the extract	Male Sprague-Dawley rats	Highest edema inhibition (42.9%)	[41]
Manilkara zapota	Sapotaceae	Ciku	Leaves/ethyl acetate	300 mg/kg of body weight	Albino Wistar rats	Inhibition of paw edema (92.41%)	[61]
Mitragyna speciosa	Rubiaceae	Biak-biak and ketom	Leaves/methanol	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg	Sprague-Dawley rats	Both doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a significant inhibition of the paw edema (63%)	[62]
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Kelur	Leaves/water	10, 30, and 100 mg/kg	BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	Highest edema inhibition (66.7%) at the second hour at 100 mg/kg of dose	[63]
Muntingia calabura	Muntingiaceae	Kerukup siam	Leaves/water	27 mg/kg, 135 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg	Sprague-Dawley rats	The extract was found to exhibit a concentration-independent anti-inflammatory activity	[64]
Orthosiphon stamineus	Lamiaceae	Misai kucing	Leaves/methanol : water	125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg	Charles River mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	Increase in edema inhibition (26.79%)	[65]
Peperomia pellucida	Piperaceae	Ketumpangan air	Whole plant/petroleum ether	1000 mg/kg	Sprague-Dawley rats	The extract showed significant inhibition in magnitude of swelling after 4 h of administration	[66]
Phyllanthus acidus	Phyllanthaceae	Cermai	Leaves/methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether	250 and 500 mg/kg	Wistar rats and albino mice	All the extracts showed reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema with highest inhibition (90.91%) in the methanol extract	[67]
Physalis minima	Solanaceae	Pokok letup-letup	Whole plant/methanol and chloroform fraction	200 and 400 mg/kg	NMRI mice and Wistar rats	Crude extract and chloroform fraction showed highest inhibition of paw edema at 66% and 68% at 400 mg/kg, respectively	[68]
Piper sarmentosum	Piperaceae	Kaduk	Leaves/water	30–300 mg/kg of the extract	Sprague-Dawley rats and male BALB/c mice	All doses exerted anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner	[69]
Polygonum minus	Polygonaceae	Kesum	Aerial parts/water	100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg	Wistar albino rats	The extracts significantly reduced the paw edema volume in the rats after 4 h	[70]
Sandoricum koetjape	Meliaceae	Sentul	Stems/methanol	5 mg/ear	BALB/c mice	A significant inhibition (94%) in TPA-induced edema was observed in the isolated compound 3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid	[71]
Solanum nigrum	Solanaceae	Terung meranti	Leaves/water	10, 50, and 100% of concentration	BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	Extracts produce apparently two-phase anti-inflammatory activity: the first phase between 1 and 2 h and the second phase between 5 and 7 h after carrageenan administration	[72]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	Verbenaceae	Selasih dandi	Leaves/ethanol	50, 100, and 150 mg/kg	BALB/c albino strain mice and Sprague-Dawley rats	A significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity was observed 30 min after the administration of the extract at all doses	[73]
Vitex negundo	Lamiaceae	Legundi	Leaves/ethanol	2 mg/ear	Mice	The extract showed an inhibitory activity of 54.1%	[74]
Zingiber zerumbet	Zingiberaceae	Lempoyang	Rhizomes/methanol	25, 50, and 100 mg/kg	BALB/c mice	A significant antiedema activity was observed at all doses in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract exhibited activity at 90 min after administration, while 25 mg/kg exhibited at 150 min)	[75]
				5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg	ICR mice	The isolated compound (zerumbone) significantly showed dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan at all doses (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) in mice with percentage of inhibition of 33.3, 66.7, 83.3, and 83.3%, respectively	[76]