Indigenous Medicinal Plants as Biofilm Inhibitors for the Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance

Table 1

Mean zones of inhibition of extracts in agar well diffusion assay.

Microorganism	Mean zones of inhibition (mm) ± SD
	MBS	MAS	MTL	MGV	MAA	MAF	MHF	MTS	CIP
S. aureus	11.7	12.7	11.3	11.7	21.7	12.3	14.7	16.3	26.7
	±0.7	±2.1	±1.8	±1.2	±2.9	±3.4	±2.4	±3.1	±1.7
K. pneumoniae	8.3	10.7	5.7	8.3	12.3	8.7	12.3	14.3	28.7
	±0.9	±2.1	±0.6	±2.1	±3.1	±1.1	±1.9	± 1.5	±0.8
S. pyogenes	12.7	9.3	12.7	11.7	20.7	10.3	11.3	10.7	18.3
	±1.9	±1.6	±2.3	±0.8	±4.3	±2.6	±2.0	±2.2	±1.7
E. coli	13.7	7.7	4.3	16.7	14.7	9.7	15.7	9.3	19.7
	±4.2	±0.5	±0.8	±4.1	±1.8	±4.1	±0.9	±3.3	±0.9
P. aeruginosa	12.3	12.7	13.7	14.3	10.3	11.3	16.7	5.7	10.3
	±1.7	±2.8	±0.9	±2.3	±1.2	±3.7	±0.4	±2.2	±0.6

MBS, Bridelia stenocarpa; MAS, Anogeissus sericea; MTL, Trichilia lanata; MGV, Grossera vignei; MAA, Acacia ataxacantha; MAF, Albizia ferruginea; MHF, Holarrhena floribunda MTS, Triplochiton scleroxylon; CIP, ciprofloxacin; SD, standard deviation.