Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea against Selected Animal Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

Table 4

Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the stem and antibiotics against the test pathogens (mean ± SD, n = 3).

Tested pathogens	Zone of inhibition
	Crude extract solvents from the stem			Antibiotics
	Conc. Ml (mg)	Water (mean ± SD) (mm)	Ethanol (mean ± SD) (mm)	Conc. Ml/Mg	Ciprofloxacin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Amoxicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Penicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Tetracycline (mean ± SD) (mm)
S. aureus	25	1.67 ± 0.50^Aa	6.33 ± 0.76^Ab	0.1	11.83 ± 0.40^Ac	13.37 ± 0.31^Ad	—	21.13 ± 1.07^Cf
	50	1.13 ± 0.82^Aa	7.8 ± 1.38^Bb	0.2	11.93 ± 1.03^Ac	20.1 ± 1.59^Cd	—	28.63 ± 3.06^Ef
S. pyogenes	25	2.1 ± 1.16^Ba	10.17 ± 2.44^Cb	0.1	29.13 ± 1.97^Ec	15.7 ± 0.76^Bd	12.6 ± 0.58^Ae	11.47 ± 0.66^Aa
	50	5.8 ± 0.41^Fa	15.87 ± 1.88^Db	0.2	30.47 ± 0.88^Fc	29.97 ± 1.71^Fd	30.13 ± 0.83^Fe	25.47 ± 4.35^Df
L. monocytogenes	25	1.63 ± 0.58^Aa	6.4 ± 0.97^Ab	0.1	19.6 ± 0.56^Cc	17.83 ± 0.87^Cd	16.7 ± 0.80^Be	31.33 ± 1.61^Ff
	50	7.3 ± 0.39^Fa	14.67 ± 0.68^Db	0.2	25.8 ± 1.44^Dc	23.23 ± 4.33^Dd	28.2 ± 2.08^Ee	31.63 ± 0.66^Ff
E. coli O157 H:7	25	3.47 ± 0.76^Ca	12.03 ± 1.97^Cb	0.1	17.3 ± 3.62^Bc	13.03 ± 2.61^Ad	—	25.53 ± 3.16^Df
	50	7.8 ± 1.55^Fa	12.47 ± 0.75^Cb	0.2	19.73 ± 0.94^Cc	16.8 ± 0.78^Bd	—	27.87 ± 0.53^Ef
S. typhi	25	3.87 ± 1.42^Ea	12.13 ± 0.69^Cb	0.1	16.27 ± 1.19^Bc	26.57 ± 2.36^Ed	15.2 ± 0.70^Be	23.77 ± 1.35^Cf
	50	3.7 ± 0.76^Ea	16.77 ± 1.27^Eb	0.2	22.27 ± 1.14^Dc	26.87 ± 1.62^Ed	23.87 ± 3.72^Ce	28.13 ± 3.62^Ef
C. jejuni	25	1.47 ± 0.68^Aa	11.5 ± 1.05^Cb	0.1	29.03 ± 1.26^Ec	19.97 ± 0.77^Cd	23.1 ± 2.0^Ce	15.67 ± 0.90^Ba
	50	2.43 ± 0.75^Ba	12.2 ± 2.19^Cb	0.2	31.37 ± 0.86^Fc	23.6 ± 3.49^Dd	25.6 ± 2.25^De	18.2 ± 1.49^Bf

n = number of experimental replicates; SD = standard deviation; means with the same letter (lower case) in the same row are not significantly different; means with the same letter (upper case) in the same column are not significantly different.