Comparative Study of Leaf and Rootstock Aqueous Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare on Chemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities

Table 1

Phenolic composition of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extract.

Phenolic acids	FVLE (μg/mg extract)	FVRE (μg/mg extract)	RT (min)
Quinic acid	14945.61 ± 747.28	29416.42 ± 1470.82	0.51
Malic acid	3240.98 ± 162.05	4273.43 ± 213.67	0.59
Pyrogallol	31.16 ± 1.56	8.32 ± 0.42	0.6
Citric acid	1580.49 ± 79.02	352.06 ± 17.60	0.63
Succinic acid	23.80 ± 1.19	17.35 ± 0.87	0.65
Gallic acid	10.18 ± 0.51	88.73 ± 4.44	0.76
Chlorogenic acid	13810 ± 690.53	5455.98 ± 272.80	0.83
3-4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	1.60 ± 0.08	2.07 ± 0.10	0.95
Pyrocatechol	13.02 ± 0.65	12.17 ± 0.61	1.02
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	18.72 ± 0.94	25.68 ± 1.28	1.3
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid	44.43 ± 2.22	83.28 ± 4.16	1.34
Catechin	0.58 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.01	1.63
Caffeic acid	509203 ± 254.60	2594.24 ± 129.71	1.68
Epicatechin	4.55 ± 0.23	1.10 ± 0.06	1.71
Benzoic acid	4.21 ± 0.21	3.36 ± 0.17	1.8
Epigallocatechin gallate	6.13 ± 0.31	5.24 ± 0.26	2.01
Syringic acid	8.83 ± 0.44	62.09 ± 3.10	2.05
Vanillic acid	8.62 ± 0.43	7.76 ± 0.39	2.12
4-Hydroxycinnamic acid	35.91 ± 1.80	6.76 ± 0.34	2.21
Rutin	361.66 ± 18.08	1.03 ± 0.05	2.63
Sinapic acid	21.00 ± 1.05	4.67 ± 0.23	2.74
3-Hydroxycinnamic acid	0.37 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.01	2.98
Ferulic acid	127.36 ± 6.37	65.01 ± 3.25	3.12
Quercetin	7.33 ± 0.37	0.12 ± 0.01	3.48
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid	0.26 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	3.65
Salicylic acid	5.57 ± 0.28	5.69 ± 0.28	3.68
Naringin	35.90 ± 1.80	15.73 ± 0.79	3.84
Rosmarinic acid	0.44 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.01	4.01
Luteolin	10.92 ± 0.55	2.45 ± 0.12	5.01
Resveratrol acid	1.18 ± 0.06	0.27 ± 0.01	5.83
Quercitrin	34.36 ± 1.72	0.65 ± 0.03	5.99
Kaempferol	1208.51 ± 60.43	55.43 ± 2.77	6.01
Hesperetin	Nd	Nd	Nd
Hesperidin	Nd	Nd	Nd
Naringenin	Nd	Nd	nd
4-Hydroxycoumarin	Nd	Nd	Nd
Aesculin	Nd	Nd	Nd
Esculetin	Nd	Nd	Nd
Tannic acid	Nd	Nd	Nd