Current Status of Alginate in Drug Delivery

Table 5

Various techniques used to produce alginate nanoparticles.

Drugs	Polymer	Method	Size	Main findings	References
Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg)	Sodium alginate	Ionic crosslinking	80–400 nm	Size and surface charge could be modulated by adjusting the ratio of polymer	[155]
Curcumin	Alginate, chitosan, and pluronic	Ionic gelation	100 ± 20 nm	Composite nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared	[156]
Doxorubicin	Alginate and chitosan	Novel ionic gelation method	100 nm	Chitosan-alginate nanoparticle produced higher zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency than chitosan nanoparticles	[157]
Hyaluronic acid	Chitosan and alginate	Ionic gelation	100 nm	Cryoprotectants provided stability for the NPs	[158]
Tobramycin	Alginate and chitosan	Isothermal titration calorimetry	±500 nm	High survival rates and low toxicity were observed	[159]
ZnO	Alginate	Pumped dropwise using a peristaltic pump and tubing	120 to 236 nm	Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by ZnO NP-alginate beads was improved by increasing the nanocomposite amount and contact time	[160]
Curcumin-loaded zein	Sodium caseinate (SC) and sodium alginate (SA)	Liquid-liquid dispersion and encapsulation	nm	A significantly improved encapsulation efficiency and controlled release was successfully produced	[161]
trans-Cinnamaldehyde	Chitosan-alginate	Ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation technique	166.26 nm	(i) Small size and high encapsulation efficiency was found	[162]
Imazapic and imazapyr herbicides	Alginate/chitosan and chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles	Ionic encapsulation	400 nm	(ii) High efficiency and stable nanoparticles resulted during 30 days of storage at ambient temperature	[163]
Genipin	Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-loaded alginate in gelatin scaffolds	Electrospraying and freeze-drying	154 and 171 μm	Swelling and weight loss behaviors of the AgNPs-loaded alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds increased and nontoxic as wound dressings	[164, 165]
Vancomycin (VCM) and glyceryl tripalmitate	Oleic acid (OA), chitosan (CHT), and sodium alginate (ALG)	Hot high-pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication	202.5 ± 3.81 to 250.9 ± 9.04	(i) Rod-shaped LPNs with suitable size, PDI, zeta potential, higher encapsulation efficiency, and potency as antibacterial activity	[87]
CM-chitin	Polypyrrole (PPY)/sodium alginate	Oxidative polymerization and templating	117–217 ± 17 nm	(ii) Negative viscosity change of the dispersions resulting in a decrease in bulk alginate concentration	[166]