Influence of Gallic Acid and Thai Culinary Essential Oils on Antibacterial Activity of Nisin against Streptococcus mutans

Table 1

Top ten chemical constituents in five Thai culinary EOs.

EOs				Plants
				Boesenbergia pandurate (Roxb.) Schltr.	Ocimum tenuiflorum L.	Citrus hystrix de Candolle		Cymbopogon (DC.) citratus Stapf.
Families plant parts				Zingiberaceae	Lamiaceae	Rutaceae		Gramineae
				Rhizome	Leaf	Peel	Leaf	Leaf
No.	Compounds	RI^a	RI^b	Chemical composition (% of total)
1	α-Pinene	937	937	1.1		3.2
2	Camphene	967	979	7.1
3	Sabinene	976	976				3.0
4	β-Pinene	977	977			19.2	1.1
5	6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	988	988					1.5
6	β-Myrcene	992	992					5.1
7	α-Terpinene	1007	1007			5.1
8	Δ-3-Carene	1011	1052	24.4
9	Limonene	1020	1020			25.1
10	γ-Terpinene	1031	1028			6.1
11	1,8-Cineole	1036	1036	17.3
12	cis-Ocimene	1038	1040	4.8
13	Linalool oxide	1074	1034			1.6
14	α-Terpinolene	1079	1063			4.5
15	Linalool	1099	1101	2.4			3.9
16	α-Terpinolene	1100	1100					0.9
17	-(-) Isopulegol	1152	1152			2.0	2.6
18	Citronellal	1153	1160				73.3
19	Camphor	1154	1154	21.8
20	Neoisopulegol	1156	1164				2.1
21	Terpinen-4-ol	1165	1163			11.4
22	Borneol	1173	1173		0.8
23	α-Terpineol	1189	1186	1.0		10.5
24	Pulegone	1203	1193					1.3
25	β-Citronellol	1228	1230				4.3
26	(Z)-Citral	1248	1249					13.6
27	Geraniol	1255	1258	13.2				3.4
28	cis, trans-2-Ethylbicyclo [4.4.0] decane	1276	1936				1.4
29	Citral	1278	1278					15.1
30	Neral dimethyl acetal	1300.4	1334					22.7
31	Citronellyl acetate	1341	1341				5.6
32	3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol	1365	1367		29.7
33	Methyl cinnamate	1379	1395	3.7
34	Geranyl acetate	1382	1384					1.3
35	β-Elemene	1391	1402		10.1
36	Methyl eugenol	1402	1411		23.2
37	trans-Caryophyllene	1419	1437		25.1
38	α-Humulene	1472	1470		1.4
39	Germacrene D	1482	1356		1.8
40	α-Selinene	1494	1522		1.3
41	β-Selinene	1500	1511		0.9
42	Caryophyllene oxide	1581	1673		0.8
43	γ-Dodecalactone^c		1334					33.1
44	2-Fluoro-4-(4’-propyl [1,1’-bicyclohexyl] -4-yl) Benzonitrile^c		2701				1.06

^aRetention index documented in PubChem database or reported by Babushok et al. [32]. ^bRetention index relative to a saturated alkane on the HP-5 column. ^cTentative identification based on only mass fragmentation.