Ethnopharmacology, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Composition of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.: A Review

Table 3

Quantitative phytochemical data of Z. spina.

Plant part	Extract/fraction	Class of compounds	Quantity (%/mg/g/μg/mL/mg/100 g)	References
Leaves	Methanol extract	Polyphenols (GAE)	74.6–58.7	[31]
		Flavonoids (QE)	64.2–47.3
Leaves	Methanol extract	Quercetin	1.39–3.66	[183]
		Saponin	1.80–2.6
Leaves	Methanol extract	Total flavonoids (RE)	710 ± 28.5	[142]
		Total phenolic content (GAE)	500 ± 10.5
Roots	Aqueous extract	Total phenolic content (GAE)	59.89 ± 0.42	[41]
	Methanol extract	Total flavonoid content (QE)	9.01 ± 0.01
	Ethanol extract	Catechin content (CE)	12.28 ± 1.07
	Acetone extract	Total phenolic content (GAE)	59.98 ± 0.1
		Total flavonoid content (QE)	9.45 ± 0.03
		Catechin content (CE)	19.6 ± 0.19
		Total phenolic content (GAE)	60.47 ± 0.04
		Total flavonoid content (QE)	12.04 ± 0.04
		Catechin content (CE)	23.98 ± 0.38
		Total phenolic content (GAE)	60.26 ± 0.16
		Total flavonoid content (QE)	11.64 ± 0.02
		Catechin content (CE)	17.14 ± 2.01
Aerial part	Methanol extract	Phenolics (GAE)	51.33 ± 0.4	[122]
		Flavonoids (QE)	14.78 ± 0.36
		Tannins (CE)	21.6 ± 1.51
Honey		Total phenolic (CE)	98.46 ± 2.24	[184]
Pulp	Aqueous extract	Total phenolic content (GAE)	30.97 ± 0.67	[176]
		Total flavonoid content (RE)	5.05 ± 1.09
Seed		Total phenolic content (GAE)	74.46 ± 2.12
		Total flavonoid content (RE)	19.84 ± 1.56
Almond		Total phenolic content (GAE)	31.05 ± 1.30
		Total flavonoid content (RE)	8.65 ± 0.78
Honey		Total phenolic content (GAE)	20.15 ± 2.79–21.98 ± 0.70	[185]
Leaves	80% methanol extract	Total phenolic content (GAE)	87.3 ± 4.7	[186]
		Total flavonoid content (QE)	9.6 ± 1.1

Note. GAE = gallic acid equivalent, QE = quercetin equivalent, RE = rutin equivalent, CE = catechin equivalent.