Cytotoxicity against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Selected Endemic or Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka

Table 2

Cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of different plant extracts. Cytotoxicity was determined by SRB assay (results are given as IC₅₀ value (μg/mL)). Anti-oxidant activity was determined by DPPH and FRAP assays, and results are expressed as EC₅₀ (μg/mL) and Trolox equivalents (mg/g), respectively. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined as mg/g of gallic acid equivalents and mg/g of quercetin equivalents, respectively.

Plant	Part	Extract	IC50 value (μg/mL) and selectivity index (given in brackets)		DPPH assay	FRAP assay	Total phenols	Total flavonoids
					EC50 value (μg/mL)	Trolox equivalents (mg/g)	Gallic acid equivalents (mg/g)	Quercetin equivalents (mg/g)
			HepG2	THLE-3
Allophylus cobbe	Leaves	Hexane	19.46	158.1	>1,000	11.38 ± 1.41	5.06 ± 1.72	3.52 ± 2.02
		Dichloromethane	6.8	289.8	232.22 ± 19.53	3.96 ± 3.80	5.23 ± 4.00	123.42 ± 3.93
		Ethyl acetate	19.95	273.9	386.03 ±22.04	12.63 ± 5.56	7.93 ± 0.06	84.24 ± 6.35
		Methanol	11.3	269.9	72.78 ± 21.12	174.15 ± 22.87	89.26 ± 6.90	36.78 ± 2.33
	Bark	Hexane	288	—	907.30 ± 23.54	17.65 ± 8.56	2.09 ± 1.87	2.77 ± 0.15
		Dichloromethane	469.3	—	>1,000	51.14 ± 1.61	9.43 ± 4.13	9.64 ± 1.19
		Ethyl acetate	>1,000	—	>1,000	41.65 ± 1.76	15.98 ± 3.16	3.16 ± 8.98
		Methanol	352.4	—	49.58 ± 6.68	313.63 ± 35.31	82.43 ± 8.60	8.6 ± 3.5
Madhuca longiflora	Leaves	Hexane	>1,000	—	>1,000	6.59 ± 6.37	0.21 ± 0.02	4.42 ± 0.44
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	>1,000	38.64 ± 5.17	17.23 ± 0.52	99.93 ± 9.82
		Ethyl acetate	243.8	—	164.10 ± 13.28	146.77 ± 28.68	202.74 ± 5.52	38.51 ± 4.47
		Methanol	>1,000	—	0.02 ± 0.01	1,210.28 ± 344.43	660.77 ± 17.35	21.56 ± 3.23
	Bark	Hexane	99.49	296.8	>1,000	2.09 ± 0.60	0.43 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.09
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	>1,000	15.23 ± 6.11	5.24 ± 0.54	3.16 ± 1.88
		Ethyl acetate	364.8	—	158.22 ± 13.97	158.62 ± 5.76	16.46 ± 3.80	8.60 ± 5.28
		Methanol	54.42	101.7	43.26 ± 15.79	1,808.63 ± 159.63	282.7 ± 23.01	1.18 ± 0.01
Adenanthera bicolor	Leaves	Hexane	45.86	261.1	580.58 ± 23.50	2.65 ± 1.83	0.56 ± 0.01	0.81 ± 0.02
		Dichloromethane	27.35	182.8	968.30 ± 18.37	0.94 ± 1.14	1.65 ± 0.59	4.67 ± 1.64
		Ethyl acetate	24.56	309.1	>1,000	1.91 ± 1.21	1.55 ± 0.04	6.91 ± 2.32
		Methanol	61.83	424.5	212.74 ± 7.93	195.48 ± 23.73	52.95 ± 3.18	3.39 ± 1.79
	Bark	Hexane	103.7	>1,000	381.91 ± 57.67	4.55 ± 1.51	0.29 ± 0.05	0.05 ± 0.01
		Dichloromethane	45.87	69.8	315.64 ± 11.25	4.83 ± 0.52	5.45 ± 2.29	3.83 ± 1.23
		Ethyl acetate	236	—	152.13 ± 14.89	121.81 ± 16.31	103.40 ± 7.24	4.01 ± 3.50
		Methanol	>1,000	—	36.65 ± 1.03	2,011.32 ± 298.18	345.48 ± 12.92	0.53 ± 0.56
Cyclea peltata	Leaves	Hexane	>1,000	—	>1,000	3.91 ± 4.15	2.01 ± 0.94	6.78 ± 3.25
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	>1,000	25.55 ± 2.22	0.98 ± 0.88	4.64 ± 3.38
		Ethyl acetate	113.5	—	>1,000	7.38 ± 5.82	2.93 ± 0.73	1.82 ± 0.83
		Methanol	>1,000	—	476.34 ± 13.34	14.97 ± 4.60	15.20 ± 0.19	2.86 ± 3.11
	Bark	Hexane	>1,000	—	>1,000	3.41 ± 0.64	8.93 ± 2.04	15.57 ± 5.62
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	765.26 ± 75.95	3.09 ± 0.89	7.91 ± 0.46	1.41 ± 1.00
		Ethyl acetate	>1,000	—	>1,000	7.64 ± 3.41	52.93 ± 0.10	0.55 ± 0.39
		Methanol	>1,000	—	182.57 ± 25.57	171.43 ± 35.46	5.99 ± 1.68	2.22 ± 1.30
Munronia pinnata	Leaves	Hexane	237.6	—	>1,000	38.24 ± 9.94	1.27 ± 0.48	0.56 ± 0.4
		Dichloromethane	269.9	—	>1,000	31.73 ± 11.63	14.84 ± 2.56	142.32 ± 14.05
		Ethyl acetate	47.07	63.9	901.54 ± 28.36	6.42 ± 3.42	5.32 ± 2.23	7.88 ± 0.89
		Methanol	56.92	28.79	328.02 ± 58.92	9.10 ± 4.31	9.88 ± 0.64	2.70 ± 0.22
	Bark	Hexane	>1,000	—	>1,000	109.72 ± 12.52	2.11 ± 0.91	5.81 ± 4.36
		Dichloromethane	385.4	—	604.89 ± 62.62	13.29 ± 1.90	5.98 ± 2.33	8.85 ± 3.60
		Ethyl acetate	656	—	>1,000	11.79 ± 5.78	4.32 ± 1.55	1.40 ± 0.99
		Methanol	52.06	139.7	338.17 ± 35.61	64.55 ± 8.53	22.93 ± 1.12	10.49 ± 4.64
Schumacheria castaneifolia	Leaves	Hexane	58.42	74.61	491.07 ± 58.32	5.87 ± 7.86	210.24 ± 12.31	0.97 ± 0.01
		Dichloromethane	39.12	12.35	>1,000	21.39 ± 8.40	1.82 ± 0.54	13.00 ± 1.86
		Ethyl acetate	44.5	14.88	288.63 ± 6.41	39.75 ± 5.33	8.26 ± 0.40	12.08 ± 0.46
		Methanol	198.6	—	0.01 ± 0.01	836.94 ± 164.78	216.61 ± 11.6	20.14 ± 3.39
	Bark	Hexane	32.33	47.32	893.83 ± 76.26	29.31 ± 15.58	1.00 ± 0.10	19.43 ± 3.22
		Dichloromethane	6.492	50.5	331.20 ± 27.25	37.14 ± 8.46	3.87 ± 1.50	18.54 ± 6.66
		Ethyl acetate	<0.01	41.7	390.77 ± 8.09	155.18 ± 29.06	1.45 ± 0.58	11.86 ± 1.00
		Methanol	34.14	29.5	108.80 ± 11.69	1,574.97 ± 199.41	362.18 ± 11.94	3.37 ± 0.64
Carallia brachiata	Leaves	Hexane	668.3	—	>1,000	3.10 ± 0.30	2.00 ± 0.20	6.81 ± 2.43
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	>1,000	4.40 ± 0.43	1.00 ± 0.06	3.50 ± 2.00
		Ethyl acetate	>1,000	—	857.26 ± 11.89	3.91 ± 4.15	15.88 ± 1.77	16.73 ± 2.17
		Methanol	228.7	—	101.35 ± 6.77	821.05 ± 135.45	138.59 ± 6.35	10.65 ± 0.70
	Bark	Hexane	>1,000	—	>1,000	6.37 ± 2.60	6.90 ± 2.26	2.07 ± 1.89
		Dichloromethane	>1,000	—	244.60 ± 19.58	25.31 ± 6.15	46.05 ± 9.42	7.31 ± 1.03
		Ethyl acetate	174.3	—	163.33 ± 6.59	115.19 ± 18.51	11.58 ± 0.82	4.27 ± 2.13
		Methanol	101.5	—	121.59 ± 5.50	593.52 ± 88.73	2.02 ± 0.54	2.18 ± 1.59