Suppression of Inflammation in Adipocyte-Macrophage Coculture by Passion Fruit Seed Extract: Insights into the p38 and NF-ҡB Pathway

Figure 3

Inhibition of cytokine and adipokine gene expression by PSEE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cocultured adipocytes and macrophages. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes and treated with PSEE (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for a duration of 12 days. Following the 12-day differentiation phase, coculture was established with RAW264.7 macrophages and mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflammation was induced by the addition of 1 μg/mL of LPS for a 24-h period. (a) MCP-1 mRNA expression. (b) IL-6 mRNA expression. (c) MMP-2 mRNA expression. (d) MMP-9 mRNA expression. (e) adipoQ mRNA expression. (f) adipoQ-R1 and adipoQ-R2 mRNA expression. (g) Leptin mRNA expression. (h) Resistin mRNA expression. All values are expressed as the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments (n = 4). Significantly different from the LPS group; #significantly different from the control group. Statistical significance was measured using the LSD post-hoc test ().

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