Research Article
Efficient Production of Methyl Oleate Using a Biomass-Based Solid Polymeric Catalyst with High Acid Density
Table 3
Comparison of the performance of different heterogeneous catalysts in esterification.
| | NO. | Catalyst | Feedstock | Reaction conditions | Methyl oleate yield (Conversion) (%) | Reuse cycle (Conversion after last run) | Ref. |
| | 1 | HS/C-SO3H | Oleic acid | =80°C, CA = 3.6 wt%, M/O = 10 : 1, = 5 h | 96.9 | 5 (90) | [11] | | 2 | FCHC-SO3H | Oleic acid | = 80°C, CA = 4 wt%, M/O = 15 : 1, = 3 h | 96.7 | 5 (84.3) | [18] | | 3 | Bamboo Ph-SO3H | Oleic acid | =85°C, CA = 12 wt%, E/O = 7:1, = 3ha | 96.0 | 5 (28) | [39] | | 4 | Sugarcane bagasse -SO3H | Oleic acid | = 50°C, CA = 0.1 wt%, M/O = 20:1, = 24 h | 85.1 | 5 (66.6) | [40] | | 5 | Sulfonated carbon | FFAb | = 68°C, CA = 6 wt%, M/O = 15:1, = 3 h | 94.4 | 5 (60) | [41] | | 6 | CS-SO3H | Oleic acid | = 75°C, CA = 3 wt%, M/O = 15:1, = 3 h | 95.7 | 4 (85.7) | This work |
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aThe reaction substrates are ethanol and oleic acid. bFFA denotes free fatty acids.
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