3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment

Figure 16

(a) Organovo Novogen MMX bioprinter. (b) Schematic of the coaxial needle where the bioink is delivered from the core, and the ionic crosslinking CaCl₂ solution is sheathed on the side. (c) Schematic diagrams showing the two-step crosslinking process, with CaCl₂ followed by UV illumination. (d) Photograph of a bioprinted cubic microfibrous scaffold. (e) Bioink optimization where conditions of printability and nonprintability for different concentrations of GelMA-HM and GelMA-LM were analyzed. Reproduced (or adapted) with permission [56], ©2016, Elsevier.

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