Progress of Catalytic Valorization of Bio-Glycerol with Urea into Glycerol Carbonate as a Monomer for Polymeric Materials

Table 5

Catalytic glycerolysis of urea to GC with other catalysts.

Entry	Catalyst	Acid amount (mmol/g)	Base amount (mmol/g)	Reaction conditions	Yield of GC (%)	Ref
1	La2O3	—^a	0.108	140℃, 1 h	90	[124]
2	La2Cu0.5Fe0.5O4	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	150℃, 4 h	81.9^b	[125]
3	Cu^1Mn	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	140℃, 6 h	99.1^b	[126]
4	AlCaMO	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	Qualitatively, not quantitatively	145℃, 5 h	88^b	[68]
5	γ-Zirconium phosphate	1.49	0.18	135℃, 3 h	100^b	[127]
6	Waste boiler ash	—^a	7.1	150℃, 4 h	84.3	[128]
7	Gypsum-based catalyst	0.12	—^a	150℃, 4 h	83.6	[129]

^aNot reported. ^bGC selectivity.