Surface Modification of TFC-PA RO Membrane by Grafting Hydrophilic pH Switchable Poly(Acrylic Acid) Brushes

Figure 3

SEM images of membranes: (a and b) pristine TFC; (c and d) PA-g-PAA membrane; (e and f) cross-section of pristine membrane TFC-PA; (g and h) PA-g-PAA-grafted membrane.

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