Corrosion Resistance Synergistic Appraisal of Titanium-Impregnated Bisphenol A-Type Epoxy Duplex Coating System in Stimulated and Natural Marine Environments of Southeastern Coastal Area of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Table 3

Results of chemical resistance testing of the virgin epoxy coating and titanium-embedded epoxy coatings in open and covered conditions as per ASTM D1308.

Coating systems	Chemical resistance test
	Open condition	Grade	Closed/covered condition	Grade
T0	A slight change in color with a loss in gloss	Passed (B)	Blister with color change and loss in gloss	Failed (D)
T5	No change in color	Passed (A)	A slight change in color	Passed (B)
T10	No change in color	Passed (A)	A slight change in color	Passed (B)

T₀: virgin epoxy coating; T₅: 5% titanium-embedded epoxy coating; T₁₀: 10% titanium-embedded epoxy coating. ASTM specifications: accepted (A and B), failed (C and D).