Polymer Processing under Microwaves

Table 3

Fillers used for indirect microwave heating of some polymers, with the improvements observed.

Filler	Polymer matrix	Improvements observed
Mixture of carbon nanotube with barium titanate	Epoxy resin	Increased permittivity, enhanced conductivity [87]
Carbon black-magnetite	Natural rubber	In the investigated frequency range (1-12 GHz), the addition of the filler decreases the reflection coefficient of the rubber, increases the attenuation coefficient and thus enhance the shielding effectiveness [88]
Carbonyl iron particles	Polydimethylsiloxane	The MW energy absorption was increased by increasing the particle content in the polymer matrix [89]
Aluminum powder	Polyester resin	When heated by microwaves, the cured composite showed higher tensile strength compared to the product obtained by conventional heating [90]
Nickel oxide	Polycaprolactone	and increase by increasing the nickel oxide content in the polycaprolactone matrix [91]
	Polypyrrole	, and increase by increasing the nickel oxide content in the polypyrrole matrix [92]