PPARδ Activation Rescues Pancreatic β-Cell Line INS-1E from Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation
Figure 1
PPARδ attenuates palmitate-induced ER stress in pancreatic β cells. INS-1E cells were treated with 0.5 mM palmitate alone or the combination of 0.5 mM palmitate and 100 nM GW501516 for 48 h. (a) Structure of ER was visualized by TEM (×12000). Arrows: the changes in the structure of ER. (b) Expression level of Bip, ATF4, and XBP1s was examined by real-time RT-PCR. INS-1E cells were treated with 0.5 mM palmitate alone, combination of 0.5 mM palmitate and 100 nM GW501516, in combination of 0.5 mM palmitate and 1 μM GSK0660 for 48 h. (c) Expression level of Chop and phosphorylation statues of JNK1 were examined by Western blot. All the data were from three independent experiments (). : versus palmitate-treated group; : versus the group treated with the combination of palmitate and GW501516.
