Breast Surgery Using Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade and Sedation Alone

Table 2

Indications for TPVB alone and corresponding ages (years). Indications are not mutually exclusive (i.e., individual patients may have more than one).

Indication		Age, mean (range)
Anxiety/patient choice
Significant anxiety/phobia of GA	3	66.0 (57–84)
Stated patient choice	6	58.8 (27–85)
Pregnancy (27-week gestation)	1	27 (27-27)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	16	82.8 (58–90)
Heart failure	4	88.0 (85–89)
Ischaemic heart disease	5	72.6 (53–90)
Valvular heart disease	4	74.3 (64–92)
Stroke/transient ischaemic attack	10	69.7 (53–89)
Significant respiratory disease	5	71.2 (64–85)
Chronic kidney disease	6	79.8 (53–92)
Spinal abnormalities/difficult airway	2	57.5 (57-58)
Chronic pain	2	57.0 (57-57)