Clinical Study
A Comparative Study of 0.25% Levobupivacaine, 0.25% Ropivacaine, and 0.25% Bupivacaine in Paediatric Single Shot Caudal Block
Table 2
Modified Hannallah pain score (MHPS) [
10].
| Observation | Criteria | Points |
| Blood pressure | ±10% preop | 0 | >20% preop | 1 | >30% preop | 2 |
| Crying | Not crying | 0 | Crying but responds to tender loving care (TLC) | 1 | Crying and does not responds to TLC | 2 |
| Movement | None | 0 | Restless | 1 | Thrashing | 2 |
| Agitation | Patient asleep or calm | 0 | Mild | 1 | Hysterical | 2 |
| Posture | No special posture | 0 | Flexing legs and thighs | 1 | Holding scrotum or groin | 2 |
| Complains of pain (where appropriate by age) | Asleep or states no pain | 0 | Cannot localize | 1 | Can localize | 2 |
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